Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is albinism? |
1. Genetic disorder where melanocytes are present 2. Melanin is decreased or absent |
|
What is vitiligo? |
1. Acquired autoimmune process 2. Melanocytes are destroyed |
|
What stimulus increases the number of nevi found on skin? |
1. Sun exposure |
|
What are the characteristics of benign nevi? |
1. <6mm 2. Uniform pigmentation 3. Smooth border 4. Unchanging size/color |
|
What is the histology of benign nevi? |
1. No melanocytes above DE junction 2. Cell maturation through dermis |
|
What are the characteristics of a junctional nevus? |
1. Smooth brown macules 2. 1-6 mm 3. Can become compound or intradermal 4. Small, well-nested on histo |
|
|
Junctional nevus: nests of bland melanocytes at DEJ |
|
What are the characteristics of a compound nevus? |
1. Slightly elevated or dome shaped 2. Flesh colored or brown 3. Less prominent pigment in melanocytes |
|
|
Compound nevus: nests of nevus cells in the epidermis overlying a dermal component of orderly nevus cells |
|
What are the characteristics of an intradermal nevus? |
1. Junctional activity has ceased 2. All nevus cells in dermis 3. Flesh-colored or pigmented, dome-shaped 4. Usually symmetrical |
|
|
Intradermal nevus: melanocytic cells resemble neuronal structures |
|
What is the malignant potential of nevi? |
1. 1/2 of melanomas occur in pre-existing nevi |
|
When should you bx a nevus? |
1. Violate ABCDEs 2. New in 4th decade 3. Present in difficult-to-observe places |
|
When should you bx nails? |
1. Hutchinson's sign 2. Solitary expanding longitudinal pigmented band |
|
What is this? Tx? |
1. Halo nevus 2. No tx indicated 3. 20% of individuals with halo nevi have association with malignant melanoma |
|
What is the histology of a halo nevus? |
1. Lymphocytic infiltrated with dermal nevus cells |
|
What is this? Tx? |
1. Common blue nevus 2. MC occur on dorsal hands, feet, scalp, and face 3. Tx: excision, q-switched ruby laser |
|
What is the histology of blue nevi? |
1. Dendritic dermal melanocytes and melanophages 2. Sclerotic stroma |
|
What are the ssx of a malignant blue nevus? |
1. Sudden increase in size and ulceration |
|
What is this? |
1. Nevus spilus--- speckled 2. Size is varied 3. Rarely evolves to melanoma
|
|
What is this? |
1. Becker's nevus 2. Hyperpigmented, hypertrichotic 3. Begins before puberty 4. Rarely malignant |
|
What is this? Tx? |
1. Spitz nevus 2. Starburst pattern on dermoscopy 3. Tx: complete excision |
|
What is the histology of a spitz nevus? |
1. Oval nests that rain down the adjacent rete ridges 2. Kamino bodies in epidermis |
|
What is this? With what is it associated? |
1. Cafe-au-lait macule 2. NFT-1 |
|
What is this? |
1. Lentigo simplex 2. No predisposition to neoplastic change |
|
What is this? |
1. Penile/vulvar melanosis |
|
What is this? |
1. Solar lentigines 2. In area of sun exposure |
|
What is the histology of solar lentigines? |
1. Hyperpigmented, club-shaped rete ridges |
|
What is this? |
1. Ink spot/sunburn lentigo 2. On shoulders and upper back |
|
What is the inheritance of ephelides? |
1. AD |
|
What is this? |
1. Seborrheic keratosis 2. Sign of Leser-Trelat 3. "Stuck on" appearance |
|
What is the sign of Leser Treat? |
1. Seborrheic keratosis---- points to adenocarcinoma of stomach, lymphoma, breast CA, and lung SCC |
|
What is this? |
1. Mongolian spot 2. Sacral area of newborn 3. Melanocytes failed to migrate to epidermis from neural crest |
|
What is this? With what is it associated? |
1. Nevus of ota 2. Associated with glaucoma or ipsilateral sensorineural hypoacusia |
|
How do you tx nevi of Ota? |
1. Q-switched lasers |
|
What is this? Tx? |
1. Nevus of Ito 2. Posterior supraclavicular and lateral cutaneous brachial nerves 3. Tx: Q-switched laser |
|
What are the size classifications of congenital nevi? |
1. Small <1.5 cm 2. Intermediate 1.5-20 cm 3. Giant >20 cm |
|
With what disorders are congenital melanocytic nevi associated? |
1. Scoliosis 2. Spina bifida 3. Atrophy 4. Asymmetry 5. Clubfoot |
|
How do you tx congenital melanocytic nevi? |
1. Excise suspect lesions |
|
What are the ssx of giant pigmented nevi? |
1. Large, darkly pigmented hairy patches 2. Present at birth, grow proportionally |
|
With what are giant pigmented nevi associated? |
1. Neurocutaneous melanocytosis |
|
How do you tx giant hairy nevi? |
1. Surgical excision 2. Resurfacing autografts
|
|
What are the ssx of dysplastic nevi? |
1. 5-12 mm with irregular borders 2. Brown, tan, pink |
|
What are the ssx of dysplastic nevus syndrome? |
1. AD inheritance 2. Melanoma in 1/2 degree relative 3. >50 dysplastic nevi 4. Dysplastic nevi on histology |
|
What mutations predispose to dysplastic nevus syndrome? |
1. CDKN2A (p16) 2. CDK4 |
|
How do you tx dysplastic nevi? |
1. Remove any suspect lesion 2. Excisional bx |