Pi101 - Self-Test 1

Front 1

The study of the nature of the universe

Back 1

Cosmology

Front 2

The study of the origins of the universe

Back 2

Cosmogany

Front 3

The study of the fundamental principles of reality

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Metaphysics

Front 4

"That which is in itself" - Aristotle
A "unit" of existence, a being; something that "stands" by itself; the essential reality of a thing or things that underlies the various properties and changes of properties.

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Substance

Front 5

"That which is independent and can exist by itself" and "the existence of a thing which does not and cannot change"

Back 5

Substance

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"That which is in another"

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Accident

Front 7

Itinerant teachers of rhetoric. Ancient Greek philosophers and teachers who believed that no reality exists except for what we take to be reality

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Sophists

Front 8

The period that first saw a surge of rational/ intellectual activity

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First Axial Period

Front 9

Term for philosophers before the time of Socrates

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Pre-Socratics

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"Indeterminate stuff" - Anaximander
In Anaximander, "the unlimited", the basic stuff of the universe

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Apeiron

Front 11

Philosopher who believed that only change is permanent.
Pre-Socratic philosopher who taught that the basic element of reality was fire and that all things are in constant flux but yet are unified by an underlying logic or logos

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Heraclitus

Front 12

Philosopher who believed that "one cannot step in the same river even once"
Pre-Socratic philosopher who taught that the reality was eternal and unchanging and that therefore we could not know it as such

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Parmenides

Front 13

Author of the paradoxes illustrating the impossibility of change/ motion
Pre-Socratic philosopher and student of Parmenides who taught that motion was unreal and developed a series of brilliant paradoxes in order to prove it

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Zeno of Elea

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The first Greek philosophers

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Milesians

Front 15

The doctrine that states that "man is the measure of all things"

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Subjectivism

Front 16

Author of the Allegory of the Cave

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Plato

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Author of the Republic

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Plato

Front 18

Author of the Dialogues

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Plato

Front 19

Definition of a "wise man" - Socrates

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"He knows what he does not know"

Front 20

Coined the word "philosophia"

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Pythagoras

Front 21

The prevailing manner of thinking before the 6th century BCE

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Mythical Beliefs or Supernaturalism

Front 22

The Solution to a thesis vs antithesis or conflicting theory.
The reconciliation of the thesis and antithesis.

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Synthesis

Front 23

Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.
Argument through dialogue, disagreement, and successive revisions, out of which comes agreement.
Relentless questioning which takes on different meanings depending on the situation.

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Dialectic

Front 24

The study of being. That is, the part of metaphysics that asks such. Asks questions such as "What is there?" "What is it for something to exist?" "What is an individual thing?"
Presence as presence

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Ontology

Front 25

Methodology of philosophy is reasoning.
Questioning continues to obtain solutions or certain knowledge.

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Philosophy as a science

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The difference between what is "real" and "unreal" - Plato

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"Only what is permanent or eternal is REAL"
The world of forms and ideas is "real"