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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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henrys law |
the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid. |
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dalton's law |
total pressure is the some of the individual pressures |
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fick's law |
rate of transfer of gas through a sheet of tissue/time is = A (area)x (P1-P2)x D (constant)/ T (thickness) |
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diffusion constant |
The amount of gas transferred between the alveoli and the blood/unit time (diffusion) is also proportional to the gas solubility (Sol) in fluids or in tissue |
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Concentration of a GAS (in liquid) = |
P x solubility - Only the gas that is dissolved in solution contributes to partial pressure, like if O2 is bound to Hb, it's no longer dissolved in solution |
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partial pressures of o2 and CO2 in inspired air vs alveolar air |
o2 increased in inspired air CO2 decreased in inspired air |
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Determinants of alveolar PO2: (same for Co2) |
PO2 in the atmosphere, Alveolar ventilation (VA) Metabolic rate, Perfusion |
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increasing alveolar ventilation will increasing metablolic rate will |
increase alveolar Po2, decrease co2 decrease alveolar Po2, increase co2 (o2 consumed, co2 produced) |
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blood gases ... partial pressure of gas in alveoli determines.. |
equilibrate very quickly through the lungs alveolar levels |
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-cardiac output -FLOW Systemic circulation = -systemic circulation -pulmonary circulation |
- the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute - FLOW pulmonary circulation - high pressure necessary to deliver blood in peripheral tissue (brain) and overcome high resistance system - low pressure system, needs to deliver blood only to lungs and high pressures are risky (lung edema) |
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pulmonary circulation |
R is less than 1/10 of that in the systemic circulation due to shorter and wider vessels -high compliance |
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It is important that inspired air is delivered to regions of the lungs where the blood is flowing and vice versa. -what is the ventilation/perfusion ratio (P/Q) |
the balance between lung ventilation (O2 ATM→ALVEOLI / CO2ALVEOLI→ATM) and lung perfusion (O2 ALVEOLI → BLOOD/CO2 BLOOD → ALVEOLI). |
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why is P/Q ratio important |
one of the major factors affecting the alveolar (and therefore arterial) levels of PO2 and PCO2 |
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greater the ventilation the more greater the perfusion more |
-alveolar PO2 and PCo2 will look like inspired air -mixed venous blood |
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weight of the lungs does what |
-increases pressure at the bottom (PIP less negative)= less pressure pulling bottom open -alveoli at bottom start more deflated= get more air |
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blood flow and alveolar ventilation are reduced where |
at the apex |
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Pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction |
limit the mismatch -blood flow diverted to better ventilated areas |
