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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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science that describes how organisms function and survive in continually changing environments
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physiology
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the internal environment
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extracellular fluid
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surrounds the cell but does not circulate
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interstitial fluid
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circulates as the extracelullar component of blood
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plasma
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a set of fluids that are outside of the normal compartment
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transcellular fluid
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who coined the term milieu interieur
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claude bernard
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maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment
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homeostasis
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consists of a series that return the factor toward a certain mean value
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negative feedback
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also known as the viscous cycle
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positive feedback
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input-controlled system-output (ex. system that control the eyelids)
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open loop system
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system that controls body temperature
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closed-loop system
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used by the brain to cause required muscular contractions
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feed-forward control
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used when some movements of the body occur so rapidly that there is not enought time for nerve signals to travel from the peripheral parts of the body all the way to the brain and then back to the periphery again to control the movement
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feed-forward control
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delayed negative feedback
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adaptive control
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the brain corrects the feed-forward signals that it sends to the muscles the next time the movement is required
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adaptive control
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time-frame over which a parameter is controlled. can be quite variable ranging from seconds to years
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chronotropic control
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human body cells are example of __
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eukaryotic cells
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the different substances that make up the cell
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protoplasm
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like bacteria with no nucleus
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prokaryotic cells
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water constitutes what percentage in most living organisms?
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70-85%
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excellent solvent
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water
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h20 available for metabolic processes
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free water
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h20 loosely attached to protein molecules
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bound water
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provide inorganic chemicals for cellular reactions
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ions
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carbohydrates are about __% of the dry mass of a typical cell
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3
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glucose, ribose, deoxyribose
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monosaccharides
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sucrose lactose
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disaccharides
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glycogen
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polysaccharide
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two types of proteins
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1. structural (fibrous)
2. functional (globular or enzymatic) |
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present in the cell mainly in the form of long filaments that themselves are polymers of many individual protein molecules
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structural protein
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