Physiology Ii Jeopardy Ii

Front 1

These are small masses of nervous tissue, made up of (mainly) neuron cell bodies, which are located outside the brain and spinal cord

Back 1

Ganglion

Front 2

This is the total number of cranial nerves a person has

Back 2

24 (12 pairs)

Front 3

These are networks of nervous tissue that surround GI structures and regulate digestion

Back 3

Enteric Plexuses

Front 4

The major function of these is muscle contraction or glandular secretion

Back 4

Motor neurons

Front 5

This is the part of the nervous system that processes, stores and integrates sensory information, as well as being the primary source for impulses that cause muscles contraction and glandular secretion

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CNS

Front 6

The peripheral nervous system breaks down into these three divisions

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ANS, PNS, SNS

Front 7

The motor part of the ANS can be broken down into these two divisions

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Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

Front 8

This branch of the nervous system is concerned with ‘fight-or-flight’

Back 8

Sympathetic Division of the ANS

Front 9

This is the functional cell of the nervous system

Back 9

Neuron

Front 10

This property of neurons is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential

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Electrical Excitability

Front 11

These are the three main parts of a neuron

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Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon

Front 12

These are clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum found in the cell bodies of neurons

Back 12

Nissl bodies

Front 13

This is a general term for any extension or process of a neuron

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Nerve fiber

Front 14

It is this part of a neuron that propagates nerve impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland

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The axon

Front 15

This is the part of the neuron that is the junction between the axon and the body

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The axon hillock

Front 16

This is the name for the area where nerve impulses arise at the junction of the axon hillock and the initial segment

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Trigger zone

Front 17

This region is the point between two neurons, or a neuron and an effector cell

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Synapse

Front 18

The cytoplasm within the axon is called this

Back 18

Axoplasm

Front 19

Axon terminals swell into these, which store neurotransmitter

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Synaptic end bulbs

Front 20

Telodendria is the technical term for this structure

Back 20

Axon terminals

Front 21

Neurotransmitters can have either of these two effects on an effector cell

Back 21

Excitation or Inhibition

Front 22

This method of neuronal axon transport uses proteins as motors to move substances

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Fast axonal transport

Front 23

Slow Axonal Transport moves substances through the axon at this approximate rate

Back 23

1-5 mm/day

Front 24

This type of neuron, frequently found within the brain and spinal cord, has several dendrites and one axon

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Multipolar neuron

Front 25

This type of neuron, often found in the eye has one main dendrite and one axon

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Bipolar neuron

Front 26

This type of neuron began in the embryo as bipolar neurons, but during development, the dendrite and axon fused together

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Unipolar neurons

Front 27

These are the two types of neuroglial cells in the PNS

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Schwann and satellite

Front 28

These glial cells form the blood brain barrier

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Astrocytes

Front 29

These glial cells form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

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Ependymal

Front 30

These produce myelin in the CNS

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Oligodendrocytes

Front 31

These glial cells are phagocytes

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Microglia

Front 32

These glial cell produce cerebrospinal fluid

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Ependymal

Front 33

This is the key structure formed by Schwann cells that allows for cell repair

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Neurolemma

Front 34

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called this

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Nodes of ranvier

Front 35

When the charge at a typical cell membrane goes from –70mV to +30mV, it has done this

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Depolarized

Front 36

When an action potential needs to ‘leap’ over a portion of myelin to propagate down an axon, it is called this type of conduction

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Saltatory conduction

Front 37

The portions of a myelinated neuron that lack myelin are called this

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Nodes of ranvier

Front 38

It is this substance that makes the white part of the brain and spinal cord white

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Myelin

Front 39

Small clusters of grey matter within the white tracts within the brain are called this

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Nuclei

Front 40

In the spinal cord this forms an H shaped inner core

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Gray matter

Front 41

The summary effects of multiple presynaptic neurons acting together is called this

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Spacial summation

Front 42

In the CNS, a cluster of nervous tissue is called a nucleus, whereas in the peripheral nervous system it is called this

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Ganglion

Front 43

This type of ion channel is highly permeable for Potassium

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Leakage channels

Front 44

These ion channels open or close in response to chemicals binding to the cell’s receptors

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Ligand gated channels

Front 45

When applying pressure to your fingertip, your are opening this type of ionic channel on the surface of some nerves

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Mechanically gated neurons

Front 46

The amplitude of an action potential is described as this

Back 46

All or none

Front 47

These are the ion channels used for action potentials

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Voltage gated channels ( Na+ and K+)

Front 48

When there are negative ions along inside of cell membrane and positive ions along outside, and there is no change occurring, the cell is said to have established this

Back 48

Resting membrane potential

Front 49

This is the state of the cell when the voltage difference across the cell membrane has been made more negative

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Hyperpolarized

Front 50

This point is reached once a cell has reached this point (e.g. -55 mv) and depolarized

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Threshold

Front 51

This is a period of time during which neuron cannot generate another action potential

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Absolute refractory period

Front 52

These types of nerve fibers are the biggest and are myelinated somatic sensory & motor nerves

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A fibers

Front 53

This type of synapse allows for two way transmission

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Electrical synapses

Front 54

An excitatory neurotransmitter that does not bring a nerve to threshold has called this

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Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential

Front 55

This summary effect occurs when a single presynaptic neuron fires many times in succession, causing the postsynaptic neuron to reach its threshold

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Spacial summation

Front 56

In general, this is anything that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter

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Antagonist

Front 57

Valium is an agonist for this neurotransmitter

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GABA

Front 58

Biogenic amines are made by modifying this amino acid

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Tyrosine

Front 59

This gas acts as a neurotransmitter and is a vasodilator

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Nitric Oxide

Front 60

This chemical enhances our perception of pain

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Substance P

Front 61

This type of neuronal circuit is involved in short term memory

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Reverberating

Front 62

This type of neuronal circuit is used while doing complex math problems

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Parallel-after-discharge

Front 63

Humans use this percentage of their brain

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100%

Front 64

This fluid serves many of the same functions as blood through the CNS

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Cerbrospinal fluid (CSF)

Front 65

This structure of dura mater separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

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Tentorium cerebelli

Front 66

It is this space, between two protective layers of the CNS, that we find cerebrospinal fluid

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The subarachnoid space

Front 67

These are the special plexuses that form CSF

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The choroid plexuses

Front 68

There are this many ventricles of the brain

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4

Front 69

This structure for the production and conduction of CSF lies above the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus

Back 69

The third ventricle

Front 70

This structure connects the third and fourth cerebral ventricle

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Cerebral aqueduct

Front 71

Cerebrospinal Fluid is reabsorbed through these projections of the arachnoid layer

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The arachnoid villi

Front 72

The diameter of blood vessels throughout the body is determined by a center within this brain structure

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Medulla Oblongota

Front 73

Crossing over of white tracts occurs at this site on this brain structure (asking for the site and structure)

Back 73

Pyramids of the Medulla