Physiology I - Macus

Front 1

An example of paracrine hormone is?

Back 1

Somatostatin in pancreas

Front 2

Neurons make use of electric signals as well. T/F

Back 2

T

Front 3

An example of both an autocrine and paracrine hormone is?

Back 3

Cytokine

Front 4

Hormones types stored in membrane bound sacs include:

Back 4

•Protein/peptide hormones

• catecholamines

Front 5

Steroid hormones are stored before release. T/F?

Back 5

F

Front 6

_______ contains both NR and CR

Back 6

Steroid hormones

Front 7

Serum hormones concentration is just _________.

Back 7

10^-¹¹ to 10^-⁹

Front 8

All hormones carry out their actions with the aid of receptors. T/F ?

Back 8

F

Front 9

Hormones receptors are_______&________ and they bind to hormones through _______ bonds.

Back 9

•Large glycoprotein

• protein

• non-covalent

Front 10

G protein receptors are involved with regulating 2 things:

Back 10

1. Production of cyclic nucleotide

2. Phospholipid turnover.

Front 11

All examples of receptors using g protein are:

Back 11

PTH, ACTH, LH, TSH, Dopamine, Adrenergic, Glucagon receptors.

Hint 11

PALT DAG

Front 12

The toggle switch for g protein receptors are on protein_____. Also the C term is located_____.

Back 12

•VI (6)

• Intracellularly

Front 13

________ catalyzes cAMP to 5′AMP.

Back 13

Phosphodiesterase

Front 14

Gq proteins are involved with the activation of _____

Back 14

PLC ( phospholipase C)

Front 15

PLC breaks PIP3 into a_____&b_____.

a does what?

b does what?

Back 15

•IP3 • DAG

• IP3 mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular storage.( Lumen of ER)

•DAG activates a calcium -dependent enzyme, PKC which catalyzes the phosphorylation of Threonine and serine residues of some enzymes.

Front 16

Receptors containing tyrosine kinase are:

Back 16

PDGF, IGF-1, Insulin, EGF

Front 17

Inferior and superior thyroid artery arise from?

Back 17

Common carotid artery

Front 18

Superior thyroid vein arise from ?

Back 18

Common jugular vein

Front 19

Thyroid gland consist of 2 cells namely:

Back 19

•Follicular cells

• Para follicular -C cells

Front 20

Parathyroid gland consists of 2 cells namely:

Back 20

•Oxyphil cells

• Principal cells( darker stain)

Front 21

Iodine is converted to ____ in the ___ where it is absorbed.

Back 21

• iodide

• Gut

Front 22

Iodine is concentrated in the following organs (4):

Back 22

Thyroid gland

Salivary glands

Breast

Choroid plexus

Front 23

Sodium/iodide symport is located at the ____ membrane of the thyroidal cells. Formation of thyroid hormone takes place in ________. Formation of thyroglobulin takes place in the ______&_____ and is extruded through vesicles via the _____ membrane of thyroidal cells into the _________.

Back 23

• Basal

• Thyroglobulin backbone

• E.R and golgi apparatus

• Apical

• Follicular lumen.

Front 24

Competitive inhibitors of the Na/I pump are _______ & ______.

Back 24

Perchlorate & Thiocyanate

Front 25

Iodide is oxidized back to iodine at the ____membrane of the thyroid cell. This is catalyzed by ______ and inhibited by ______.

Back 25

• Apical

• Thyroid peroxidase

• Propylthiouracil

Front 26

DIT+MIT=____. is 10x faster than

DIT+DIT=____. T/F

Back 26

• T³ ( 3,5,3')

• T⁴ ( 3,5,3',5')

•F

Front 27

Peptide bonds are broken to release T⁴, T³, DIT and MIT by ________. DIT and MIT are reserved in the follicular lumen while t4 and t3 are released. Iodide and tyrosine is salvaged from the DIT and MIT through_______. These occur at the _____ membrane.

Back 27

•Lysosomal proteases

•Thyroid deiodinase

• Basal membrane

Front 28

TGB- ___%

Transthyretin=____%

Albumin=______%

Back 28

•60- 70 %

• 15%

• 15 - 25 %

Front 29

Release of prolactin is also stimulated by TRH.

T/F

Back 29

T

Front 30

Augmentation/exaggeration of the sympathetic activities of the heart could be linked to____. This effect is blocked by______.

Back 30

Thyroid hormones

B-adrenergic

Front 31

Cells of the pancreatic islets:

Back 31

1. Alpha cells: Glucagon 20%

2. Beta cells: insulin 70%

3. Delta cells: Somatostatin

4. F cells: pancreatic polypeptide

Front 32

Proinsulin gives rise to _____& ______.

Back 32

•C peptide

• 2 polypeptide chain joined by disulfide bonds

Front 33

C peptide secreted along with insulin serve as ________

Back 33

Market to distinguish endogenous from exogenous source of insulin

Front 34

Pancreatic beta cells co secrete a hormone called

Back 34

•Amylin / IAPP- islet amyloid polypeptide

Front 35

An intermediate action of insulin is___________?

Back 35

•Increase in protein synthesis and decrease in protein degradation

Front 36

Half life of insulin in the human blood is _____ .

Back 36

•5mins

Front 37

Insulin is destroyed by ____ in the ______ formed by _______ processes.

Back 37

• proteases

• endosomes

• endocytic

Front 38

Insulin gene is located on the _________ while Glucagon genes are located ________.

Back 38

• Short arm of chromosome 11

• Chromosome 2

Front 39

Glucose, amino acid and CCK increases the secretion of Somatostatin. T/F

Back 39

T