Physiology Exam I

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1. The transport maximum of carrier proteins is related to the property known as

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Saturation

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2. Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds

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True

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3. The base that is NOT found in RNA is

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Thymine

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4. A reducing agent

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Donates electrons to an atom or molecule

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5. Passive transport of water is known as

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Osmosis

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6. Epithelial membranes that are more than one layer thick are called

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Stratified

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7. A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of

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Peroxisomes

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8. When at atom loses one or more electrons, it

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Becomes positively charged

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9. The nitrogenous base adenine is a

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Purine

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10. Crossing over allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

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True

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11. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain system is

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Oxygen

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12. The amount of energy contained in fat is

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9 kilocalories/gram

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13. The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called

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Hydrolysis

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14. The flow of energy in living systems is termed

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Bioenergetics

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15. The secondry structure of proteins is/are

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Alpha-helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand

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16. Contraction of _____________
muscle can be consciously controlled

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Skeletal

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17. Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will

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Increase in volume

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18. The plasma membrane is referred to a mosaic because of the presence of

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Proteins, Carbohydrates and Phospholipids

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19. Endocrine glands secrete ________in response to specific stimuli

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Hormones

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20. When a scientist performs measurements in an experiment and does not know if the subject is part of the experimental of the control group, it is known as a__________measurement

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Blind

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21. During oxidation, a molecule of atom

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Loses electrons
(RIG-Reduction Is Gain)

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22. Peptide bonds are formed by the process of

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Dehydration synthesis

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23. That energy transformations increase the entropy of a system is a statement of the

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Second law of thermodynamics

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24. Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA

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Answer: dRNA
Choices: tRNA
rRNA
mRNA

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25. Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane act as___________for hormones

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Receptors

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26. That energy can change forms, but cannot be created nor destroyed is a statement of

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First law of thermodynamics

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27. Homeostasis is best thought of as being a state of

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Dynamic constancy

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28. Addition of phosphate groups to a particular molecule is catalyzed by

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Kinases

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29. ______________is the opposite of glycogenesis.

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Glycogenolysis

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30. T/F Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions

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True

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31. Which is not a primary tissue of the body? Nervous, Epithelium, Muscular, Osseous

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Osseous

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32.Phospholipids are

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Major components of the cell membrane and have a polar head and non-polar tail

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33. ____________is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to penetrate it.

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Selectively permeable

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34. The__________electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.

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Valence electrons

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35. The pH of a solution increases as the ____________ion concentration decreases.

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Hydrogen (pH number goes up as number of hydrogens decrease)

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36. Proteins that are embedded completely within the plasma membrane are

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Integral proteins

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37. T/F Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms that saturate fatty acids of the same length.

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False

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38. The main body compartment that is the part inside cells is the ___________compartment.

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Intracellular

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39. The study of how dz or injury alters physiological processes is termed

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Pathophysiology

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40. Isotopes have the same_________number, but a different _____________number.

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Atomic, mass

same prot/elect, diff number of neutrons

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41. The process of gene expression occurs as

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Genetic transcription and genetic translation

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42. An example of a monosaccharide is

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Glucose

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43. Which of the following is not a component of DNA?
phosphate, deoxyribose sugar,guanine, uracil

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Uracil

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44. DNA replication is

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Semiconservative

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45. Telomeres serve to

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Cap the ends of DNA and protect it from damage.

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46. T/F Cyclins are a group of proteins which promote different phases of the cell cycle.

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True

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47. Fatty acid metabolism

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Occurs via beta-oxidation

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48. The first step in the scientific method involves the formation of a

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Hypothesis

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49. What theory explains the ability of the electron transport system to pump protons between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes?

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Chemiosmotic Theory

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50. The spiral staircase structure of DNA is referred to as the

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Double Helix

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51. The backbone of a DNA molecule is a chain of

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Alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

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52. Chomosomes move to opposite poles in

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Anaphase

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53. T/F Reduction and oxidation are always coupled.

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True

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54. Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form________bonds with each other.

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Hydrogen

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55. Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement of water are called

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Aquaporins

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56. The hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol is called

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Lipolysis

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57. The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its______concentration.

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Solute

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58. Acetyl CoA is

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Generated from pyruvate

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59. T/F Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter.

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True

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60. Chemically reduced FAD has__________extra hydrogen atoms bound to it.

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Two

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61. These muscle cells do not have a striated appearance.

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Smooth muscle cells

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62. The Cori cycle converts________to pyruvic acid.

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Lactic acid

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63. Reactant molecules of enzyme action are called

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Substrates

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64. Oxidative deamination is required for

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Protein breakdown

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65. _______________is the universal energy carrier.

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ATP

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66. Glycolysis converts glucose into two ____________molecules.

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Pyruvic Acid

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67. Anabolic reactions do not

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Release energy

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68. The organelle involved in the production of energy is the

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Mitochondrion

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69. __________ glands secrete chemical through a duct that leads to the outside of a membrane.

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Exocrine

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70. T/F Tissues are a group of cells that have similar functions

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True

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71. __________ transport does not require membrane proteins.

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Simple diffusion

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72. The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is

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Exocytosis

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73. T/F Bulk transport is required for the transport of large, polar molecules into or out of cells.

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True

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74. What feature is the main characteristic of connective tissue?

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Large amount of extracellular material

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75. In newborns, _______ occurs in brown fat.

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Thermogenesis

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76. The highly branched extension of a neuron whose function is to receive input from other neurons or receptor cells are called

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Dendrites

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77. T/F The term homeostasis was coined by Walter Cannon to described the constancy of the milieu interieur.

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True

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78. Meiosis is only observed in the

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Ovaries and testes

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79. Enzymes_______ the rate of a specific chemical reaction.

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Increase

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80. _____________ reactions require energy to synthesize large molecule from small molecules.

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Anabolic

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81. The atomic nucleus do not contain ________, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

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Electrons

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83. Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by

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Hydrolases

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84. Which stage of the cell cycle immediately precedes the S phase?

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G1

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85. Metal ions, such as magnesium or calcium, can serve as enzyme

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Co-factors

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86. The electron transport system is a series of _____________ reactions.

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Oxidation/Reduction

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87. The type of bond found in sodium chloride is

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An ionic bond

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88. T/F Organs involved in carrying our related functions are grouped into systems

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True

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89. Physiology

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Emphasizes cause and effect mechanisms

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90. The rate of diffusion is influenced by

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Concentration gradient
Membrane permeability
Membrane surface area

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91. Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling molecules? endocrine, enzymatic, paracrine, synaptic

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Enzymatic

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92. Active transport

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utilizes energy

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93. The process of cell death in which cell membranes remain intact but become bubbled and the nuclei condense is known as

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Apoptosis

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94. This group of organic compounds acts as surfactants

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Phopholipids

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95.The process in which an amine group is transferred from one amino acid to another is called

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Transamination

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96. Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface are are called

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Microvilli

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97. The Na+/K+ pump transports __________into the cell and _________ out of the cell per cycle

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2K+/3Na+

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98. ________occurs when the product of a metabolic pathway binds to an enzyme and decreases enzymatic activity.

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Allosteric inhibition

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99. T/F The cytoskeleton of a cell can serve as a railway that can transport organelles and molecules to different intracellular destinations.

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True

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100. The Nobel Prize was awarded to __________________ for determining the structure of DNA.

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Watson, Crick, Wilkins

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101. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is defined as the

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Engulfing of specific molecules that have been bound to receptors of the surface of the plasma membrane.