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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spinal nerves contain:
a. afferent neurons b. efferent neurons c. autonomic neurons d. A & B e. A, B & C |
Answer: A & B
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Resistance increases down an axon. What happens assuming no other changes?
a. decrease current b. increase current c. increased membrane resistance d. large, flightless birds |
Answer: decrease current
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This nerve is primarily responsible for the parasympathetic regulation of heart rate
a. glossopharyngeal b. vagus c. facial d. oculomotor |
Answer: vagus
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An action potential is an excitatory post-synaptic potential
a. True b. False |
Answer: True
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Lesion T2. A patient exhibits a loss of pain and temperature on the left side, proprioception on the right. You would expect a loss of motor where:
a. left side b. right side c. both sides |
Answer: right side
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Preganglionic autonomic neurons release what neurotransmitter?
a. acetylcholine b. acetaminophen c. glutamate d. glycine |
Answer: acetylcholine
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In regards to motor control, the basal ganglia overall is ________________to the thalamus and the thalamus is ______________to the motor cortex
a. excitatory, inhibitory b. inhibitory, excitatory c. inhibitory, inhibitory d. excitatory, excitatory |
Answer: inhibitory, excitatory
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If you damage the fasiculus cuneatus on the LEFT side, where are those fibers originating from?
a. left side b. right side c. both sides d. off sides |
Answer: left side
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A person has damage to the left dorsal columns of the spinal cord at the thoracic level. This person would have impaired ________.
a. temperature sensation of the right leg b. touch sensation of the right leg c. temperature sensation of the right arm and leg d. temperature sensation of the left leg e. touch sensation of the left leg |
Answer: touch sensation of the left leg
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The mechanism by which a receptor converts a stimulus into an electrical signal is called:
a. conduction b. convection c. transduction d. propagation |
Answer: transduction
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If we increase membrane resistance and voltage remains the same what happens to current?
a. increase the probability of an AP getting to the terminal b. decrease the probability of an AP getting to the terminal c. decrease ion leakage at the Node of Ranvier d. decrease axonal resistance |
Answer: increase the probability of an AP getting to the terminal
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The depolarization phase of the action potential is generated by ________.
a. opening of sodium channels b. closure of potassium channels c. closure of sodium channels d. opening of potassium channels |
Answer: opening of sodium channels
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A cut in the spinal cord that occurs on one side only is called, not a transection (which is a complete severing), but rather a hemisection. Whenever the spinal cord is hemisected, a particular set of symptoms occurs, collectively known as Brown-Séquard syndrome. These symptoms involve not just the motor system, but also the somatosensory system. If a person's right side of the cord is damaged in such a manner at a level midway between the entry levels of nerves serving the arms and the legs, the specific clinical signs of the syndrome would include paralysis of the ___ leg, lack of touch sensation in the___ leg, and lack of pain sensation in the___ leg.
a. left;. left; right b. left; right; right c. left; right; left d. right; right; left |
Answer: right; right; left
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A neuron originates in the primary motor cortex. This neuron can be classified as a:
a. multipolar neuron b. afferent neuron c. efferent neuron d. interneuron |
Answer: efferent neuron
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Pain perception travels in the.
a. DCML b. ALS (spinothalamic) c. ventral horn d. Toyota Corolla e. Rubrospinal |
Answer: ALS (spinothalamic)
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Voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?
a. initiation of an action potential in the axon hillock b. arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal c. neurotransmitter binding to receptor d. paracrines released from the post-synaptic cell |
Answer: arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
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The right optic tract carries
a. right eye visual fields b. left eye visual fields c. right visual fields; both eyes d. left visual fields; both eyes |
Answer: left visual fields; both eyes
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The immediate, and first, response to depolarization of the post synaptic membrane is to open voltage gated potassium channels
a. True b. False |
Answer: False
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A loss of myelin would result in which of the following?
a. decrease of ion permeability at the nodes of Ranvier b. increased leakage of ions across the membrane c. increased axonal conduction velocity d. decreased axonal resistance |
Answer: increased leakage of ions across the membrane
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The action of a neurotransmitter is determined by:
a. the receptor b. none of the above |
Answer: the receptor
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The OVERALL sum output of the basal nuclei/ganglia to the thalamus is
a. inhibitory b. excitatory c. over ambitious d. simply useless |
Answer: inhibitory
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Control of heart rate is primarily located in:
a. motor cortex b. basal ganglia c. medulla d. spinal cord |
Answer: medulla
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If a patient with nervous system damage has a positive Babinski sign, what neuron(s) most likely are damaged (assuming post age 1year for patient)?
a. upper motor neuron b. vestibulospinal tract c. rubrospinal tract d. lower motor neuron |
Answer: upper motor neuron
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The origin of neurons of the corticospinal tract is:
a. ventral horn b. medulla c. motor cortex d. thalamus |
Answer: motor cortex
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If we raise extracellular potassium, what happens to the membrane potential?
a. becomes less negative b. becomes more negative c. doesn’t change. d. it gets really angry |
Answer: becomes less negative
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A motor unit is defined as the nerve and the muscle fibers it innervates
a. true b. false |
Answer: true
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If a patient's net output of the basal ganglia is a sum increase in GABA-ergic discharge, what happens to cortical regulation of motor output
a. hyperkinetic movements b. hypokinetic movement c. hyperreflexia d. general increase in voluntary motor output |
Answer: hypokinetic movement
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Myelin works to improve the probability of an AP getting to the terminal how?
a. decreases membrane resistance b. increases membrane resistance c. increases axonal resistance d. decreases axonal resistance |
Answer: increases membrane resistance
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A loss of two different visual fields would be indicative of a lesion where:
a. optic nerve b. optic tract c. optic chiasm d. optic radiations |
Answer: optic nerve
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The Nernst equation tells us what a cell will be electrically resting at when an ion is allowed free permeability and therefore is at
a. resting membrane potential b. equilibrium c. chemical balance d. electrical balance |
Answer: equilibrium
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Which of the following is the correct term for the movement of an electrical charge down an axon?
a. resistance b. current c. potential difference d. transistor |
Answer: current
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The left optic tract carries what information?
a. visual information from the left eye b. visual information from the right eye c. visual information from the right visual fields d. visual information from the left visual fields e. the olfactory concept that you just stepped on dog poop |
Answer: visual information from the right visual fields
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Which ion is mostly responsible for depolarization following the initiation of an AP?
a. sodium b. calcium c. potassium d. chloride |
Answer: sodium
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