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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atria Contraction
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Hearts blood supply
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comes only from coronary arteries |
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Valve function
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floppy structures that snap shut to not allow blood backflow |
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S1 valve sound |
closing of Mitral and Tricuspid (AV valves), transition from Diastole to systole |
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S2 valve sound
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closing of semilunar Aortic and Pulmonary Valves, transition from systole to diastole |
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Normal heart Sounds
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no audible sound from valves opening, Lub with Av valves, Dub with SL valves. Higher pressure in S2. |
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Valvular diseases |
degenerative changes, calcification due to aging, coronary artery disease, hypertension, strep throat, congenital, Bacterial endocarditis
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Aortic regurgitation/ insufficiency
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Leaky valves, blood backflows, causes heart to work harder to squeeze same amount of blood out. Caues hypertrophy in heart
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Symptoms of Aortic insufficiency
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Nocturnal angina (diastolic pressure falls below 40mmhg), dyspnea, orthopnea |
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Risk factors of Aortic Insufficiency |
Hypertension, rheumatoid processes, syphilis, infective endocarditis |
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Cordi tendinae
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help keep Mitral and Tricuspid valves closed on ejection. Heart attacks can damage these cords and the valves. |
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Pulmonary Circulation
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low pressure system, high compliance |
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Systemic Circulation |
High pressure |
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Lymphatic Circulation |
very low pressure, comes from interstitial space and starts with dead end vessels ascending to nodes and to ducts, eventually drains into left and right subclavian veins. |
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Heart function
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ensures that the brain and tissues are adequately perfused with blood |
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Blood carries |
nutrients, growth facts, hormone, chemical messenger, O2, CO2, temperature, immune system cells, clotting factors, ions |
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Heart Pumps |
left and right ventricles, the two are in series |
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Venous
Pressures |
very compliant, pressure is significant when standing, upon standing blood return to heart is more difficult. muscular contraction helps blood flow in veins |
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Flow
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inversely dependent on resistance, fluid cannot move unless there is difference in gradient |
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Ejection Fraction
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percentage of blood that is pumped out with each heartbeat. |
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Ejection Fraction measures |
Normal at rst is 55 to 70 percent. |
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Output of heart
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same from both ventricles, 5.6 L per minute, can go up to 25L during exercise
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Cardiac Output cont
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declines with age, reduced in sleep, increases in anxiety, fever, training |
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Blood flow needs
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blood to brain, heart and muscle are not modified, flow serves only their own metabolic needs |
