Physiology 19

Front 1

pressure diuresis

Back 1

increased urine volume output

Front 2

pressure naturesis

Back 2

increased sodium output

Front 3

200mg BP relationship to renal output

Back 3

6x normal

Front 4

equilibrium point

Back 4

where intake of salt and water equals the renal output of salt and water

Front 5

what happens when arterial pressure drops below the equilibrium point

Back 5

intake of salt and water is greater than the output

Front 6

what happens when the arterial pressure goes above the equilibrium point

Back 6

salt and water intake is less than renal output

Front 7

the equilibrium point lies at what mean arterial pressure

Back 7

100 mmHG

Front 8

two primary determinants of long term arterial pressure level

Back 8

degree of pressure shift of the renal output curve, level of salt and water intake

Front 9

how is the chronic renal output curve affected when the kidneys are functioning normally

Back 9

the curve is significantly steeper than the acute curve

Front 10

chronic increase in pressure does what to sympathetics in the kidney

Back 10

decreases activity which tends to reduce mechanisms that reduce salt and water excretion

Front 11

how do kidneys respond to an acute significant increase in arterial pressure

Back 11

pressure naturesis and diuresis

Front 12

autoregulation

Back 12

regulation of blood flow by the tissues themselves

Front 13

how does autoregulation deal with blood volume increase

Back 13

increase in cardiac output by constricting vessels in the body, increases arterial resistance

Front 14

what is more likely to increase blood volume, salt or water

Back 14

salt

Front 15

why does salt increase volume more than water

Back 15

salt also induces both increased water intake and increased water reabsorption via ADH

Front 16

hypertensive mean arterial pressure

Back 16

110

Front 17

hypertensive diastolic level

Back 17

greater than 90

Front 18

hypertensive systolic level

Back 18

135

Front 19

volume loading hypertension

Back 19

excess extracellular fluid accumulation in the body

Front 20

in cases of chronic kidney injury, why does total peripheral resistance decrease at first, then slowly rise

Back 20

because baroreceptor mechanisms attempt to slow down rise, then reset and can no longer prevent rise in pressure

Front 21

fun fact - volume loading hypertension increases cardiac rate, the second stage is an increase in blood pressure and arterial resistance but a return of cardiac rate to normal

Back 21

ten ten ten twenties on your....oh thats not appropriate nevermind

Front 22

when is renin released

Back 22

when arterial pressure falls too low

Front 23

where is renin synthesized

Back 23

JG cells

Front 24

does renin contain vasoactive activity

Back 24

no

Front 25

what does renin do

Back 25

angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

Front 26

how does angiotensin II increase arterial pressure

Back 26

systemic vasoconstriction and increasing sodium and water uptake

Front 27

how fast does the renin angiotensin system work

Back 27

20 minutes to full effectiveness, sympathetic norepinephrine=epinephrine system works faster

Front 28

how does renin-angiotensin system hold in water and salt

Back 28

acting directly on the kidneys and acting directly on the adrenal glands to release aldosterone

Front 29

what is the consequence of a large amount of angiotensin II circulating in the blood

Back 29

that the system will be automatically set to a higher pressure level

Front 30

how does angiotensin II work on the kidneys to prevent water loss

Back 30

constricting renal arterioles to slow blood flow and causing rapid reabsorption and also to increase permeability of both salt and water

Front 31

one kidney goldblatt hypertension

Back 31

initial decrease in BP, then increased by way of renin release

Front 32

why does renin levels decrease in 5 to 7 days post goldblatt

Back 32

because INTRARENAL arterial pressure returns to normal, so renin is reduced

Front 33

why does coarction of the aorta cause higher BP in upper body than lower

Back 33

blood is carried by collaterals to lower body

Front 34

how is aortic coarction related to one kidney goldblatt

Back 34

because reduced blood in renal arteries stimulated renin angiotensin, which raises coartected vessel BP to normal, which makes upper body BP high

Front 35

one of the main hypothesized causes of preeclampsia

Back 35

placental ischemia causes rise in nitric oxide due to vascular damage

Front 36

neurogenic hypertension

Back 36

when a person stimulates their sympathetics and increases BP

Front 37

what effect does a sudden cessation of of nerve signals from baroreceptors have

Back 37

the same thing as a sudden reduction of pressure in the carotid and aortic arteries

Front 38

monogenic hypertension

Back 38

congenital hypertension causedb y a mutation of a single gene

Front 39

primary "essential" hypertension

Back 39

hypertension that is from an idiopathic or unknown origin

Front 40

how does increased fat cause increased BP

Back 40

fat released leptin which acts on the hypothalamus that increases vascular tone

Front 41

salt insensitive hypertension vs salt sensitive hypertension

Back 41

means what with HBP cases, a large increase in the amount of salt consumed does not significantly affect the arterial pressure

Front 42

what is the first line of defense int he event of a severe reduction in blood pressure/volume

Back 42

sympathetic/baro receptor driven responses

Front 43

stress relaxation mechanism

Back 43

when pressure in the vessels becomes too high, they vessels can dialate untill pressure drops to normal

Front 44

capillary fluid shift

Back 44

whenever capillary pressure falls too low, water is absorbed into the vessels from the tissues