Physiological Test Of The Auditory System

Front 1

Tympanometry

Back 1

measurement of middle-ear pressure, determined by the mobility of the TM as a function of variations in air pressure (positive/negative)

Front 2

Static Acoustic Compliance

Back 2

mobility of the TM in response to air pressure changes in the EAC

Front 3

Equipment for a tympanometry?

Back 3

microphone (measure reflective wave), Loudspeaker (220 or 226 Hz tone), air pump (change pressure positive/negative)

Front 4

Type A

Back 4

Normal compliance and middle ear pressure are observed when the test is administered, indicating a healthy middle ear function

Front 5

Type Ad

Back 5

Hypermobile middle ear system
(break in ossicular chain?)

Front 6

Type As

Back 6

Hypomobile middle ear system (stiffness)

Front 7

Type B

Back 7

Flat (fluid in middle ear?)

Front 8

Type C

Back 8

Negative Pressure
(Eustachian tube dysfunction?)

Front 9

T/F: Contraction of the stapedius muscle causes stiffness of the middle ear and decreases static acoustic compliance. (Acoustic Reflex Testing)

Back 9

True

Front 10

Sensation Level (Acoustic Reflex Testing)

Back 10

number of decibels of a sound ABOVE the threshold of a given individual.

Front 11

(Acoustic Reflex Testing) At what dB HL do responses occur?

Back 11

70-110 dB HL

Front 12

T/F: Abnormalities in the middle ear will obliterate an Acoustic Reflex measurement.

Back 12

True

Front 13

How to measure Acoustic Reflex Decay?
And what can make the response abnormal?

Back 13

10dB above ART for 10 secs and measure how long the amplitude stays above 50% of original response (ability of the stapedius muscle to continue contracting for 10 secs). The response can become abnormal if there is a lesion present in the auditory nerve (5 secs or less)..

Front 14

Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)

Back 14

Test outer hair cells of the inner ear functions. (Pre-neural, non-behavioral, and quick)

Front 15

OAEs are sounds given off by the ___________ when the cochlea is stimulated by a sound. When sound stimulates the cochlea, the __________ vibrate. Sound echoed back is nearly inaudible (-10-20 dB SPL).

Back 15

-inner ear
-outer hair cells

Front 16

T/F: A mild/moderate hearing loss (of any kind) or greater will decrease an OAE.

Back 16

False, it will obliterate an OAE.

Front 17

Which tests can serve as cross checks?

Back 17

ART, OAE,

Front 18

Under what evaluations would an OAE be used?

Back 18

Ototoxic monitoring, noise monitoring, disability exams, tinnitus evaluations, auditory neuropathy (hearing is impaired, but cochlear function presumed intact).

Front 19

Types of OAEs?

Back 19

Spontaneous, Transient Evoked (TEOAE), Distortion Product (DPOAE).

Front 20

Spontaneous OAEs occurs?

Back 20

occurs without external sound stimulation, present in about 1/2 normal hearing population

Front 21

Transient OAE?

Back 21

stimuli is a click, usually 1000-4000 HZ range. Present 99% of time in people with thresholds less than 20db, absent with thresholds greater than 40db.

Front 22

Distortion Product OAE:

Back 22

2 pure tones are presented (F2 and F1, where F2 is greater) to get a response at a different frequency. Can Be done in slightly noisier environments and are quicker in quieter settings.

Front 23

Auditory Evoked Potentials

Back 23

Category of tests that are measurements of electrical responses of the cochlea, or auditory nerve/pathway by measuring the amplitude and latency of very specific neuro-electrical events.

Front 24

How are Auditory Evoked Potentials measured?

Back 24

through surface/scalp electrodes (occasionally: trans-tympanic electrodes). Non-behavioral.

Front 25

Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

Back 25

Can be used to assess the auditory nerve (8th CN). Not affected by sleep state. Measured using a click (broad based high frequency) or tone bursts (more frequency specific info). Response appears in first 10 milliseconds after stimulus.

Front 26

ABR can be useful in detecting?

Back 26

tumors of the auditory nerve, lesions in the brainstem, hearing loss, threshold estimation.

Front 27

Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR)

Back 27

Useful for threshold estimation in people unable or unwilling to provide voluntary behavioral responses. Significantly quicker than a threshold seeking ABR. Not affected by sleep (complements the ABR in pediatric settings).

Front 28

Newborn Screening done using?

Back 28

ABR or OAE prior to leaving hospital