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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What will an audiogram look like of noise induced hearing loss?
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Symmetric hearing loss
Worst at 4 kHz |
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What are some of the causes of conductive hearing loss?
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External auditory canal occlusion
Tympanic membrane performation Otitis media Otitis external Otosclerosis, other ossicular problems Tumor Congenital aural atresia |
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What are some causes of external auditory occlusion?
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Impacted cerumen
Foreign body Otitis externa |
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What is swimmer's ear? What causes it/happens?
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Cellulitis of the ear canal skin
The skin swells, dies, and plugs the ear |
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How do people present with swimmer's ear?
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Pain in their ear
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What is the treatment for an external auditory canal occlusion?
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Debridement
Topical antibiotics |
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If a diabetic has painful otitis externa, what should you think?
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Skull base osteomyelitis
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What are some causes of tympanic membrane perforation?
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Infection
Trauma Tympanostomy tubes |
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What ossicle is on the tympanic membrane?
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Malleus
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What ossicle is on the oval window?
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Stapes
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What are some of the different types of otitis media?
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Serous/secretory (chronic)
Suppurative Mucoid Adhesive (tympanic membrane sucks in due to negative pressure) |
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What are the signs of acute supparative otitis media?
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Pus
Pain Fever Conductive hearing loss |
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What are some of the bacteria that can cause acute supparative otitis media?
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S. pneumonia
H. influenzae B. catarrhalis |
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What is a requirement for a diagnosis of acute suppurative otitis media?
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CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS!
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What does the tympanic membrane look like with acute suppurative otitis media?
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Inflamed, bulging, red tympanic membrane
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What are some causes of chronic otitis media?
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Chronic middle ear effusion
Persistent tympanic membrane perforation Cholesteatoma Atelectatic disease |
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If someone has chronic unilateral otitis media with effusion, what do you have to think?
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NEOPLASM!!
ORDER UP IMAGING STAT! |
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What is the treatment for chronic otitis media with effusion?
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Antibiotics
Steroids Surgery! |
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When does chronic OM with effusion occur?
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After an acute period of OM and you've got effusion that's still happening
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What are some bugs that cause chronic suppurative OM?
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Pseudomonas
S. aureus E. coli Proteus Anerobes |
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What is a cholesteatoma? What does it cause?
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It's a skin lined cyst that grows in the skull
It causes chornic OM |
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Where on the eardrum does an acquired cholesteatoma occur?
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It occurs on the pars flaccida
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If you see crusties on the tympanic membrane, what should you think?
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Cholesteatoma!!!
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What are some serious complications secondary to cholesteatomas?
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Brain abscess
Meningitis Sigmoid spino-phlebitis Facial paralysis Vertigo |
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What is otosclerosis?
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Disease of the capsule of the otic capsule bone
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How does the ear look in otosclerosis?
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Normal!
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What are some different tumors that cause conductive hearing loss?
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External auditory canal skin: squamous, basal cell Ca
Glomus tumors (of the tympanic bones) |
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If there's unilateral tinnitus, what should you think?
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Neoplasm
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What does a person look like who has congenital aural atresia?
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They've got a lack of development of the external ear
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What are some different cases of sensorineural hearing loss?
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Noise
Presbycusis Ototoxicity Meniere's disease Infection Autoimmune Congenital Hereditary Developmenta Tumors CNS pathology |
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What is the definition of presbycusis?
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Sensorineural hearing loss associated with aging
Hereditary |
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What is the most common cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss?
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Usually viral!
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What is the treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss?
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Steroids
Antivirals |
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What are some medications that cause ototoxic effects?
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Aminoglycosides
Cis, carbo-platinum Loop diuretics (esp. furosemide) Macrolides Quinine, antimalarials Salicylates Vancomycin |
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What are the symptoms of Meniere's disease?
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Fluctuating/progressive hearing loss
Tinnitus Episodic vertigo |
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What does the vestibular system look like in Meniere's disease?
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Endolymphatic HTN
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What's the treatment for Meniere's disease?
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Na restriction
Diuretics Decompression of endolymphatic sac Vestibular ablation |
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What are some intrauterine causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
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Maternal: rebella, CMV, syphilis, herpes, toxoplasmosis
Hyperbilirubinemia Birth injury Teratogenic drugs |
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What is a congenital condition that causes both blindness and deafness?
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Usher's syndrome
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What are some neoplasms that can cause sensorineural hearing loss?
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Vestibular schwannomas (benign tumos of the schwann cells)
NFII |
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What are the symptoms of a vestibular schwannoma?
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Asymmetric SNHL
Unilateral tinnitus Dizziness Asymmetric speech discrimination Abnormal acoustic reflex Sudden SNHL |
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What are some neoplasms that can cause hearing loss?
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Meningiomas
Glomus tumors Epidermoids (congenital cholesteatoma) |
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What are some causes of central hearing loss?
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MS! (it's an uncommon presentation0
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What's the definition of tinnitus?
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"Ringing" of the ear
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What are some causes of pulsatile tinnitus?
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Venous hum
Buruits Vascular tumors Intracranial HTN AV malformation |
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What is objective tinnitus?
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The doc can hear it.
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What's the most common type of tinnitus?
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Ringing in the ears that the examiner can't hear
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What condition is tinnitus associated with?
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Sensorineural hearing loss
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If there's a unilaterla tinnitus, what should you think?
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TUMOR!
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What's the treatment of tinnitus?
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Get rid of the cause
Masking Rehabilitate the hearing loss |
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If someone has unilateral otalgia with a normal ear exam and audiogram, what should you think?
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Neoplasm that's referring pain to the ear.
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What should you do for someone if they've got sudden sensorineural hearing loss?
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An MRI
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What is a common cause of facial paralysis?
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Bell's palsy caused by herpes simplex neuritis
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What's the typical progression of Bell's Palsy?
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Sudden onset of unilateral face weakness
Maximal progression within 7-10 days Mastoid pain |
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What people are vulnerable to Bell's?
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3rd trimester of bell's palsy
DM |
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If a patient hasn't recovered from Bell's in 6 months, what should you think?
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Somethign more malignant
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What's the prognosis for Bell's palsy?
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Imperfect recovery in 15-20%
Most begin recovery from 3 weeks - 2 months |
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What are some of the causes of idiopathic Bell's palsy?
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HSV
Edema of the labyrinthine segmnet |
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What's the treatment for Bel's?
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Steroids
Antivirals (possibly.) Surgical decompression |
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How does Herpes zoster oticus present?
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Similar to Bell's
Differences: Vesicles More pain Increased hearing/vestibular c/o Worse prognosis |
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What's the treatment for herpes zoster oticus?
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Steroids
Antivirals |
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What is an infectious cause of facial paralysis?
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Lyme disease
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How does Lyme disease facial paralysis present?
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Happens in around 10% of patients with Lyme disease
Sometimes bilateral (10-30%) |
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What's the treatment for Lyme disease?
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Doxycycine
Amoxicillin Cefuroximine |
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What are some different causes of temporal bone tumors?
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Schwannomas
Paragangliomas Intracranial, intratemporal malignancy Leukemia/lymphoma Metastases |
