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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neuroanatomical Directions
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Human Head
Dorsal ^ Anterior <--------------> Posterior v Ventral |
Human Spine
Anterior ^ Ventral <----------> Dorsal v Posterior |
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Anterior/Rostral
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toward the nostril (front)
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Posterior/Caudal
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toward the tail (back of head)
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Dorsal
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top of head
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Ventral
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bottom of head
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Lateral
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toward side of body, away from middle
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Medial
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toward middle of body, away from side
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Ipsilateral
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same side of body
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Contralateral
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opposite side of body
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Sections of Brain
Axial |
Horizontal - parallel to ground
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Sections of Brain
Coronal |
frontal, traverse; slicing bread
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Sections of Brain
Sagittal |
long ways, can slice brain in half
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Central Nervous System - Protective Structures
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Bones: skull, vertebrae
Meninges: tissue, holds fluid Cerebroal Spinal Fluid - CSF Blood Brain Barrier: protects from chemicals |
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Meninges
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3 Layers of tissue encase CNS
1. Duramater: "Durable" outer layer; tough/flexible 2. Archnoid Membrain: "spiderweb like" middle layer; soft/spongy 3. Piamater: adjacent to surface of brain; thin/delicate |
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CSF
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clear fluid that fills ventircle system of brain and subachranoid space around brain/spinal cord (cushions, conductor, rids waste)
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subachranoid space: fluid filled space, cushions brain; between achranoid space and piamater
-choroid plexus: highly vascular tissue that protrudes into ventricles and produces CSF |
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Ventricles
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Hollow spaces filled with CSF
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1. lateral ventricle: one of 2 ventricles located in center of telencephalon
2. third ventricle: in center of diencephalon 3. fourth ventricle: between cerebellum and dorsal pons; in center of metencephalon 4. cerebral aqueduct: narrow tube interconnecting the 3rd & 4th ventricles of brain; in center of mesoncephalon |
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Prenatal Development - Phases of Neural Development
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1. induction of spinal plate
2. neural proliferation: neurons develop (billions!) 3. migration and aggregation: migrate - move to appropriate location, aggregate - align cells with other neurons 4. axon growth and synapses form 5. neuron death & synapse rearrangement: excessive neurons die, fittest survive |
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Development of CNS
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cerebral cortex: outer most layer of gray matter
neurogenesis: production of new neurons; occurs mostly in prenatal |
grey matter - mostly cell bodies of neurons
white matter - axons covered with myelin |
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Evolution of Human Brain
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larger than any other animal in relation to body size
-larger does not mean smarter in humans |
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Forebrain
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most rostral of 3 major divisions
-includes telencephalon and diencephalon |
cerebral hemisphere: brain halves
subcortical region: beneath cortical surface; contains limbic system and basal ganglia |
