Physio

Front 1

6 functions of the kidney :

Back 1

1. regulation of ECF volume and blood pressure
2. regulation of the osmolarity of ECF
3. regulation of pH of ECF
4. regulation of ion concentration in the ECF
5. produced hormones
6. excretes wastes and foreign substanced

Front 2

the body recieves water through :

Back 2

food, drinks, and metabolisim

Front 3

the body loses water through:

Back 3

skin, lungs, urine, fecies,

Front 4

the bodies input must equal what?

Back 4

body output

Front 5

kidneys are located:

Back 5

on either side of the vertebral column bellow the diaphram

Front 6

parts of a kidney :

Back 6

renal artery
renal vein
ureter
bladder

Front 7

process of releasing urine

Back 7

1. stretch receptors fire sending sensory neurons
2. parasympathetic neurons fire while motor neurons STOP firing
3. parasympathetic causes smooth muscle to contract
4. motor neurons stopped causes internal sphincter to passivly open

Front 8

urine leaving the kidney must enter what before entering the ureter?

Back 8

renal pelvis

Front 9

what are the internal divisions of the kidney ?

Back 9

outter capsule
triangle shaped medulla
cortext, just outside the medulla
renal pelvis
ureter

Front 10

nephron

Back 10

the functional unit of a kidney responsible for urine

Front 11

different parts of the nephron:

Back 11

1. glomerular capsule
2. proximal convoluted tubual
3. loop of henle
4. collecting duct
5. distal convoluted tubual

Front 12

renal blood vessels include:

Back 12

renal artery and vein
interlobar artery and vein
interlobular artery and vein

Front 13

vascular components of nephron

Back 13

afferent arterioles- blood to glomerulus
glomerulus- tuff of caps that filters protein free plasma
efferent arteriole- blood from glomerulus
peritubular caps- supply renal tissue involved in exchange with fluid in the lumen

Front 14

tubular component of the nephron

Back 14

bowmanc capsule- collects glomerulus filtrate
proximal tubule- uncontrolled reabsorption and secreation
loop of helne- creates osmotic gradient
distal tube/collecting duct- controlled reabsorption of Na, H2O, and secreation of K and H and releases urine to the renal pelvis

Front 15

the bowmans capsule and the gomerulas together form

Back 15

renal corpuscle

Front 16

for the total cardiac output what % is sent to the kidneys

Back 16

22,8% and the rest (77.2%) taken to the rest of the body

Front 17

fenestrated

Back 17

having large pore bwt the endothelial cells

(gomerulus caps have this)

Front 18

the job of the gomerulus caps:

Back 18

100-400times more permeable than avg. cal
keeps RBC, WBC, and platlets from passing
pore and neg. lined to keep blood proteins from passing

Front 19

layers of gomerular membrane

Back 19

capillary lumen
pore in the edothelial walls
filtration slits
lumen of the bowmans capsule
basal lamina

Front 20

what % of plasma that enters the glomerulus is NOT filtered what % is filtered

Back 20

88% is NOT
22% is

Front 21

gomerulus filtration is:

Back 21

nondiscriminat filtration of a protein free plasma from gomerulus into the bowmans capsule

Front 22

tubular reapsortion

Back 22

selective movement of filtered substance from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capilaries

Front 23

tubular secretion

Back 23

selection movement of nonfiltered substance from peritubluar capillaries into the tubular lumen

Front 24

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Back 24

volume of filtrate produce by both kidneys/min

-men-115
-woman-125
-avg.-180

Front 25

vasoconstriction on GFR

Back 25

decreases glomerulus caps blood pressure
and decrease net filtration rate
decreases GFR

Front 26

vasodiolation

Back 26

increases glomerulus cap blood pressure
incrases net filtrate
increases GFR

Front 27

sympathetic effects:

Back 27

increases cardiac output but , constricts afferent arteriole, skin, and GI tract leading to toal peripheral resistnace which decreases GFR, decreases urine production and increases blood volume

Front 28

glomular ultrafiltrate IS:

Back 28

fluid that enters the glomulaus whose filtration was driven by blood pressure

Front 29

functions of the nephorn

Back 29

reasportion of salt and water

Front 30

obligatory water loss

Back 30

mini of 400ml/day must be excreated from the body to eliminate wastes

Front 31

reabsortion

Back 31

the return of filtered molecules

Front 32

water is NOT transported by travels by____?

Back 32

osmosis

Front 33

osmolarity of plasma is eual to what?

Back 33

filtrate

Front 34

sodium reabsorption is considered what type of process?

Back 34

active

Front 35

glucose transport is done by

Back 35

help from sodium

Front 36

countercurrent multiplier system

Back 36

kidneys huge osmotic gradient to reabsorb a lot of H2O

Front 37

which limb of the nephron is passivley permeable to water ?

Back 37

descending

Front 38

which limb of the nephron transports Na and Cl passivley but impermeable to water ?

Back 38

ascending

Front 39

urea

Back 39

contributes to high osmolarity in the medulla

Front 40

what is permeable to urea?

Back 40

deep reagions of the collecting duct

Front 41

what % of water and salt is reabsorbed?

Back 41

85%(by the time gets to distal tuble) and other 15% depends on hydration levels and contolled by release of hormones

Front 42

micturition

Back 42

clinical term for urination

Front 43

Approximately what volume of urine is produced/day

Back 43

minimum "obligatory" production of urine is 400ml,
but normally about 1-2L of urine per day are produced

Front 44

What type of neuron stimulates contraction of the urinary bladder

Back 44

Parasympathetic neurons

Front 45

what is the somatic neuron involved in
the release of urine

Back 45

motor neuron that relaxes to opens the external urethral
sphincter

Front 46

how many nephorns are in each kidney ?

Back 46

1million

Front 47

Where does
filtration occur

Back 47

between the glomerulus
and Bowman's capsule

Front 48

What is the composition of the
filtrate when it enters the proximal tubule

Back 48

20%

Front 49

What is the average volume of filtrate formed/day? What % of this is reabsorbed?

Back 49

180L of filtrate are formed each day. About 99% of this is reabsorbed

Front 50

How is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) regulated?

Back 50

vasoconstriction or vasodiolation of afferent arterioles

Front 51

What two capillary networks are associated with each nephron. Where are they

Back 51

glomerulus, and the peritubular capillary bed (which includes the
vasa recta). The glomerulus in surrounded by Bowman's capsule, and the peritubular capillary bed
surrounds the entire nephron

Front 52

what portion of the nephron is most of the filtrate reabsorbed

Back 52

proximal convoluted tubual