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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus with excess neutrons creatd where
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nuclear reactor
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Nucleus with excess protons created where
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particle accelerator
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Same Z
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isotope
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Same A
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isobar
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Same N
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isotone
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Same energy
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isomer
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Loss of mass when neutrons and protons combine in nucleus - what, where does energy go
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mass deficit, energy holds nucleus together
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Decay constant formula
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decay constant = 0.7/T1/2
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Activity formula
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decay constant x N
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Activity units new/old
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beecquerel (1decay/second), curie
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Decay that occurs with excess neutrons, formula
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B-, neutron decays into proton, electron and antineutrino, Z +1
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Electron capture decay, excess what, formula
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excess protons, nucleus captures K shell electron, electrons transition and x ray is given off, Z -1
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B+, excess what, formula
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excess protons, positron ejected, Z-1
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Nuclear decay that occurs secondary to excess nuclear energy
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isomeric transition
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Difference between xray/gamma ray
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xray - photon that originates outside of nucleus
gamma ray - photon that originates from nucleus |
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Three possible outcomes of isomeric transition
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1 - gamma ray
2 - IC electron and characteristic xray 3 - IC electron and auger electron |
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Alpha decay Z/A
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Z, -2
A, -4 |
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Does alpha decay typically occur with high/low Z
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high
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Example of secular equilibrium and halflife differences
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parent >>> daughter
radium -> radon |
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Example of transient equilibrium and halflife differences
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parent > daughter
moly -> tech |
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How is moly breakthrough test performed
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tech eluant is placed in lead container - the container attenuates 140 keV tech, but 740 keV moly penetrates and the activity is counted
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Maximum allowable moly impurity allowed per mCi tech/per injection
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mCi - 0.15 uCi
inj - 5.0 uCi |
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Concerning radiation detectors - fraction of all emitted radiation that hits the detector
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geometric efficiency
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Concerning radiation detectors - fraction incident radiation that detectors actually measure
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intrinsic efficiency
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Overall efficiency of radiation detector formula
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geometric x intrinsic efficiency
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Paralyzable vs nonparalyzable detectors
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p - deadtime can be extended
np- deadtime not extended, but counts during recovery not measured |
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Different general types of radiation detectors (4)
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gas
liquid gel solid |
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Solid state detector materials (2)
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NaI
CsI |
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Angle of compton scatter that results in largest amount of energy deposited in crystal/least
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180
0 |
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Counts only signals below upper limit and above lower limit
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pulse height analyzer
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Series of PHAs arranged to record all differnt
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multichannel analyzer
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Iodine and lead xray peaks (keV)
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33
80-88 |
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Iodine xray peak vs xray escape peak
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?
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-Energy spectrum of xray and half maximum energy
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FWHM
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Mwasurement of energy resolution of detector
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FWHM
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X,Y,Z positions
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x,y - position
z - energy |
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Distance from collimator improves/degrades image quality
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degrades
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Measures crystal uniformity
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intrinsic
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Intrinsic uniformity - where is the source placed, and what is being tested
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at a distance
crystal |
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Extrinsic uniformity - where is the source placed, and what is being tested
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on collimator
collimator and crystal |
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How many count required to test uniformity
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1 million
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Uniformity limits with/without correction
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w +/- 10%
w/o +/- 5% |
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How to test spatial resolution
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bars, flood source
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How to test spatial distortion
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uniform hole pattern, flood source
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Iosotopes for PET produced where
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cyclotron
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