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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alpha particle |
A helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons - charge 2+) emitted as radiation from a decaying heavy nucleus |
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Beta particle |
A high kinetic energy electron produced in the nucleus (charge 1-) emitted as ionizing radiationfrom a decaying nucleus |
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Gamma Ray |
Very high frequency electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus (no charge). |
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Alpha emission |
Release of alpha particle from unstable nucleus (a 2+ helium ion or a helium nucleus) |
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Beta emission |
An high-energy electron ejected from the nucleus; this release causes a neutron to convert into a proton |
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Gamma emission |
Form of radioactive decay that occurs whenan unstable nucleus emits extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation |
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Gold foil experiment |
Rutherford’s experiment where he bombarded thin gold foil with alpha particles in a vacuum |
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Half-life |
The time taken forhalf of the atoms in a sample of radioactive material to decay/disintegrate |
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Ionisation |
The ability of nuclear radiation to take an electron off an atom, making it an ion. |
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Fusion |
Nuclear reaction joining two smaller nuclei to make one bigger nucleus |
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Controlled Nuclear Fission |
Involves the slow and useful release of energy in a nuclear reactor. |
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Dalton's Model |
Atom = matter was made up of tiny particles that cannot be split further - these particles rearrange themselves during chemical reactions. Each element is made of indivisible particles called atoms. Atoms of a given element are identical |
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Critical mass |
Mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a chain reaction |
