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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1 Gy is equal to how many rads |
1 Gy = 100 rad |
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1 Sv is equal to how many rems |
1 Sv = 100 rems |
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What is the formula for Equivalent dose? |
EqD= D x Wr |
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What is the formula for Effective dose? |
EfD= D x Wr x Wt |
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Formula to find velocity |
V= d/ t |
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Formula for acceleration |
a = v2-v1/ t |
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Formula for frequency |
F = c / λ |
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Formula for Energy |
E = (h)(f) |
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formula for force |
F = ma |
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formula for work |
W = fd |
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formula for momentum |
p = mv |
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formula for power |
P = W/ t |
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formula for Kinetic energy |
Ek = 1/2m(v)^2 |
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formula for potential energy |
Ep= mgh |
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what is the formula for weight |
w= mg |
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Alpha decay |
minus (4) nucleons and minus (2) protons |
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Beta minus decay |
add one proton |
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Beta plus decay |
minus one proton |
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SI base Units include |
meter, kilogram, seconds, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela |
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The ability to do work |
Energy |
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SI unit for energy |
Joules |
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SI derived units are |
newton, Joule, Pascal, Bq, Coulomb, watt, hertz, gray, Sv, volt, ohm, tesla |
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SI unit for temperature |
Kelvin |
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Heat is transferred through two solids |
Conduction |
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heat is transferred through liquid or gas |
Convection |
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heat is transferred through EM radiation |
Radiation |
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What are three types of radiation |
Mechanical, particulate, electromagnetic |
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the basic unit of electromagnetic radiation |
photon |
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A kind of radiation in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously |
electromagnetic radiation |
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distance between two adjacent points on a wave |
wavelength |
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Radiation that has enough energy to come to an atom and knock off an electron and ionize that atom |
ionizing radiation |
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What two types of radiation are produced when electrons interact with the anode target |
Bremsstrahlung radiation and characteristic radiation |
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Electrons interact with the force field around the nucleus and get redirected and lose energy, energy that is lost gets released in the form of an x-ray |
Bremsstrahlung radiation |
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projectile electron interacts with one of the orbital electrons and the electron gets knocked out, electrons from other shells replace the lost electron and give off radiation |
Characteristic radiation |
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Electrons have a charge of |
-1 |
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Proton have a charge of |
+1 |
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Neutrons have what charge |
0 |
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Atomic mass stands for the number of |
protons and neutrons |
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Atomic number represents the number of |
protons |
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Substances that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
isotopes |
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substances with the same number of neutrons but different number of protons |
isotones |
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substances with the same number of nucleons but a different number of protons |
isobars |
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Both have the same number of neutrons and protons but one is in a higher energy state |
isomers |
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What is an alpha particle |
a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons |
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What is a positron |
has the same mass and energy as an electrons except it is positively charged |
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Decay process that gives off two protons and two neutrons in order to get stable |
Alpha decay |
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Element turns a neutron into a proton in order to get stable |
Beta minus decay |
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Element that turns a proton into a neutron in order to get stable |
beta plus decay |
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if the element does not have enough energy to turn a proton into a neutron, it can take the energy from an electron in an outer shell. This is called |
Electron Capture |
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Element is high energy and releases a gamma photon in order to relax |
Gamma Decay |
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Same as gamma decay but the element just takes a little longer to decay and stabilize. Element is metastable |
Isomeric transition (IT) |
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How long it takes for a substance to decay to half its original value |
Half Life |
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What is Half life measured in |
any unit of time |
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What is the definition of attenuation |
absorption + scatter |
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radiation-matter interaction in which the incoming beam of radiation interacts with the whole atom, and the atom emit that same radiation with a 20 degree change in direction |
Coherent Scatter |
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Radiation-matter interaction where the incoming photon interacts with an electron and gets absorbed. The electron is then released as a photoelectron |
Photoelectric absorption |
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Most important radiation-matter interaction for producing useful patient images |
Photoelectric absorption |
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Responsible for most of the scattered radiation produced during radiologic procedures |
Compton Scatter |
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Incoming photon interacts with the nucleus of the atom and converts into a positron and electron |
pair production |
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High energy interaction which takes place in the nucleus of the atom and releases nucleons to relax |
Photodisintegration |
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The average energy transferred per unit length |
Linear Energy Transfer |
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What is considered to have a low LET |
x-rays, gamma, and beta particles |
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What is considered to have a high LET |
alpha particles, protons, and neutrons |
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Alpha particles have a tissue penetration of what depth |
0.1 mm |
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Beta particles have a tissue penetration depth of |
2.0 mm |
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Protons have a tissue penetration depth of |
100 mm |
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Gamma and xrays have a tissue penetration of |
300 mm |
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Exposure is measured in what units |
C/kg or R |
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The amount of radiation to which something is subjected is known as |
Exposure |
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How do you measure radiation exposure |
ionization chamber |
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Amount of radiation that is converted into heat within the medium that is exposed to radiation |
Absorbed Dose |
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Absorbed dose is measured in |
Gy or Rads |
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The product of the average absorbed dose in a tissue or organ and it's associated radiation weighting factor |
Equivalent dose |
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Equivalent dose is measured in |
Sv or rems |
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The sum of the weighted equivalent doses for all irradiated tissues or organs, incorporating both the radiation weighting factor and a tissue weighting factor |
Effective dose |
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The radiation exposure of a population or a group from low doses of different sources of radiation |
Collective Effective Dose |
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Collective effective dose is measured in |
person-Sieverts or man-rem |
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The equivalent dose received by an internal organ during the 50 years following the intake of radioactivity into your body |
Committed equivalent dose |
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The sum of the committed equivalent doses as weighted by the respective weighting factor of the organs |
Committed effective dose |
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Radiations that penetrate up to 1cm into the skin |
Deep dose |
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Radiations that penetrate up to 70 μm into the skin |
Shallow dose |
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radiations that go 3mm into the lense of the eye |
Lens dose |
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Positron decay occurs because of an excess of what in the nucleus |
protons |
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Hg |
Mercury |
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Co |
Cobalt |
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Are x-rays considered a low or high LET radiation |
Low |
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H |
Hydrogen |
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He |
Helium |
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Li |
Lithium |
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Be |
Beryllium |
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C |
Carbon |
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N |
Nitrogen |
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O |
Oxygen |
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Na |
Sodium |
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Mg |
Magnesium |
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Al |
Aluminum |
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Si |
Silicon |
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P |
Phosphorus |
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S |
Sulfur |
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Cl |
Chlorine |
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Ar |
Argon |
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K |
Potassium |
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Ti |
Titanium |
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Mn |
Manganese |
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Fe |
Iron |
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Ni |
Nickel |
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Zn |
Zinc |
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Mo |
Molybdenum |
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Rh |
Rhodium |
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Pd |
Palladium |
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Tc |
Technetium |
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Ag |
Silver |
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Cd |
Cadmium |
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Indium |
Indium |
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Sn |
Tin |
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I |
Iodine |
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Xe |
Xenon |
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Cs |
Cesium |
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Ba |
Barium |
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W |
Tungsten |
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Ir |
Iridium |
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Pt |
Platinum |
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Au |
Gold |
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Pb |
Lead |
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Po |
Polonium |
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Rn |
Radon |
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Ra |
Radium |
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Gd |
Gadolinium |
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U |
Uranium |
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Pu |
Plutonium |