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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Vector |
Physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction |
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Scalar Quantity |
Physical quantity that has magnitude only |
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Resultant vector |
Single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together |
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Distance |
Length of path travelled |
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Displacement |
Change in position |
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Speed |
Rate of change of distance |
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Velocity |
Rate of change of position |
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Acceleration |
Rate of change of velocity |
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Weight (Fg) |
Gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface |
Fg = mg |
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Normal Force (FN) |
Perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it |
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Newton's First Law |
An object continues in a state of rest or moving with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net/resultant force |
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Inertia |
Property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion |
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Newton's Second Law |
When a net force is applied to an object of mass, it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass |
Fnet = ma |
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Newton's Third Law |
When object A exerts a force on object B, object B SIMULTANEOUSLY exerts an opposite directed force of equal magnitude on object A |
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Momentum |
Product of mass and velocity of the object |
p=mv |
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Newton's Second Law - Momentum |
The net force on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum |
Fnet = ♢P/♢t |
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Law of Conversation of Linear Momentum |
The total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant |
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Elastic collision |
Collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved |
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Inelastic collision |
Collision in which only momentum is conserved |
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Impulse |
Product of the net force and the contact force time |
Impulse = Fnet.t |
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Work done |
The product of the displacement and the component of the force parallel to the displacement |
W = Fs |
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Gravitational potential energy |
Energy an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference point |
Ep = mgh |
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Kinetic energy |
Energy an object has as a result of the object's motion |
Ek = 1/2mv^2 |
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Mechanical energy |
Sum of the gravitational potential and kinetic energy at a point |
Emech = Ep + Ek |
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Law of Conservation of Energy |
Total energy in a system cannot be created nor destroyed; only transferred from one form to another |
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Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy |
In the absence of air resistance or any external forces, the mechanical energy of an object is constant |
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Work-energy theorem |
Work done by a net force on an object is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the object |
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Power |
Rate at which work is done |
P=W/t |
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Watt |
The power when one joule of work is done in one second |
1W = 1J.s^-1 |
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Efficiency |
Ratio of output power to input power |
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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation |
Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres |
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Coulomb's Law |
The force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the charges squared |
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Magnitude of the Electric Field |
The force per unit positive charge |
E = F/q |
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Potential difference |
Work done per unit positive charge |
V= W/q |
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Current |
Rate of flow of charge |
I = q/t |
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Ohm's Law |
Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature |
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Resistance |
Material's opposition to the flow of electric current |
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emf |
Total energy supplied per coulomb of charge by the cell |
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Magnetic flux |
Product of the number of turns on the coil and the flux through the coil |
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Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction |
The emf induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux |
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Lenz's Law |
The induced current flows in a direction so as to set up a magnetic field to oppose the change in magnetic flux |
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Diode |
Component that only allows current to flow in one direction |
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Threshold/Cut-off frequency (fo) |
Minimum frequency of incident radiation at which electrons will be emitted from a particular metal |
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Work function (Wo) |
Minimum amount of energy needed to emit an electron from the surface of a metal |
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