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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the term used to describe energy stored in a moving object? |
Kinetic Energy |
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What is the term used to describe the energy stored due to an objects position above the ground? |
Gravitational potential energy |
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What is the term used to describe the energy stored in a stretched spring? |
Elastic potential energy |
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What is the term used to describe the energy stored due to an objects temperature? |
Thermal energy |
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What does friction cause energy to be transferred to? |
Friction causes energy to be transferred to thermal energy, these stores of energy can be less useful |
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How do we reduce friction? |
We reduce friction by using lubricants (oil) and removing air particles |
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How do we describe work being done? |
Work is done whenever energy is transferred from one store to another |
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What does mechanical work involve? |
Mechanical work involves using a force to move an object |
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What does electrical work involve? |
Electrical work involves a current transferring energy |
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How do we calculate work done? |
Work done (J) = Force (N) × Distance (M) |
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How do we describe power? |
Power is the rate which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done |
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How do we calculate power? |
Power(W) = Energy transferred (J) ÷ Time (S) Power(W) =Work done (J) ÷Time (S) |
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What does Efficiency tell us? |
Efficiency tells us what fraction of the energy we put into an appliance is transferred to useful forms of energy |
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How do we calculate efficiency? |
Efficiency = useful output energy transfer ÷total input energy transfer Efficiency = useful power output ÷ total power input |
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How do we calculate specific heat capacity? |
Specific heat capacity (J/Kg°C) = change in thermal energy (J) ÷ mass (Kg) × temperature change (°C) |
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What are the main fossil fuels? |
Gas, oil and coal |
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Describe advantages of using fossil fuels |
Fossil fuels are abundant and cheap, they give out lots of energy, they are reliable |
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Describe disadvantages of fossil fuels |
They are non-renewable, they release a lot of carbon dioxide, they release other pollutants |
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What elements do Nuclear power plants run on? |
Nuclear power plants run on the elements uranium and plutonium |
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Describe advantages of using nuclear power |
Once it's running on carbon dioxide is released, it's extremely reliable |
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Describe disadvantages of using nuclear power |
Nuclear power contains highly dangerous radioactive materials, generates a large amount of radioactive waste |
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What happens when we close a switch in a circuit? |
When we close a switch in a circuit electrons flow out of the cell and move around the circuit , this is called an electrical current |
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How does the electrical current flow? |
The electrical current flows from the negative end of the cell to the positive end |
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What energy does does the lamp transfer energy to once energy has been transferred from the electrons? |
The lamp transfers the electrical energy from the electrons into light and thermal energy |
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How do we measure current? |
We measure current using an ammeter |
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In what type of circuit does current stay the same? |
The current stays the same all the way round in a series circuit |
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Why does current split in parallel circuits? |
Current splits in parallel circuits because a parallel circuit contains branches |
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How do we measure potential difference (voltage)? |
We can measure potential difference with a voltmeter, this tells us how energy is transferred in an electrical circuit? |
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In a series circuit how would energy be carried out? |
In a series circuit energy carried out by a current would be shared between lamps |
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In a parallel circuit how is potential difference carried out? |
In a parallel circuit potential difference across each component of the same |
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How do we calculate average flow? |
Average flow =current × time |
