Physical Science Test 2

Front 1

The flow of charge through conductors (such as metals)

Back 1

Electric Circuit

Front 2

A charge is made of ____

Back 2

electrons

Front 3

____ pump the charge to the circuit

Back 3

Batteries

Front 4

Charge goes from ___ to ___

Back 4

Positive to Negative

Front 5

Currents are measured in ____

Back 5

amps

Front 6

____ is the rate of flow of charge

Back 6

Current

Front 7

Charge through wires differ through...

Back 7

different types of wires

Front 8

The lack of flow of charge

Back 8

resistance

Front 9

As resistance goes up, ____ decreases

Back 9

current

Front 10

Resistance of wire depends on....

Back 10

material and cross section (size)

Front 11

If wire is larger, there is ____ resistance

Back 11

less

Front 12

A thin wire has ____ resistance

Back 12

more

Front 13

____ is an inexpensive but very good conductor of electricity

Back 13

Copper

Front 14

Resistance is where energy is dissipated in the form of ____

Back 14

heat

Front 15

_____ is a power source, a load to power, and a ground source

Back 15

Complete circuit

Front 16

____ is the ability to pump a charge

Back 16

Voltage

Front 17

Voltage is measured in ____

Back 17

volts

Front 18

____ is the measure of energy from electricity

Back 18

KWH

Front 19

KWH is the amount of _____, and it is how electricity is sold/bought

Back 19

Kilowatts per hour

Front 20

What measures KWHs?

Back 20

KWH meter

Front 21

The faster and longer the KWH meter spins....?

Back 21

the more KWH is used

Front 22

Why does a bird not get electrocuted when standing on a power line

Back 22

it is only touching one conductor

Front 23

In a ____, two devices are connected to one power source and you can turn off one device and the other will stay on

Back 23

Parallel Connection

Front 24

In a Parallel connection, ____ at both devices are exactly the same

Back 24

Voltage

Front 25

Explain the current of parallel configuration

Back 25

The total current flow is the sum of two currents going to each device

Front 26

Current carrying capacity of the conductor is dependent on the...

Back 26

size and material of the conductor

Front 27

_______ is used in fuse boxes

Back 27

Parallel connection

Front 28

In a ____, two devices are connected to each other and the power source, and if one goes out, both go out since the connection cannot get through to the power source and creates an open circuit

Back 28

Series Connection

Front 29

In a series connection, the _____ is the same throughout, but the ____ differ

Back 29

Current; voltages

Front 30

Explain why a 100-watt light bulb is dimmer than a 60-watt light bulb in a series.

Back 30

It is because of the filament. The 60 has a smaller filament so it takes more energy to get through it, causing it to have a higher voltage and give off a brighter light.

Front 31

_____ is a switch with a heater next to bimetal to detect how much heat is flowing though the current.

Back 31

Circuit Breaker

Front 32

If the heat is too high, the circuit breaker switch...

Back 32

goes to the center

Front 33

A switch is always wired in a ____

Back 33

series

Front 34

____ is when voltage does not change over time

Back 34

Direct Current

Front 35

Batteries are always _____

Back 35

Direct Currents

Front 36

_____ is when voltages change over time

Back 36

Alternating Current

Front 37

One cycle of AC is from...

Back 37

0 to positive to 0 to negative, back to 0

Front 38

What begins the change from AC to DC by producing pulsating DC?

Back 38

Rectifier

Front 39

What changes the pulsating DC after rectifier to straight DC?

Back 39

Filter Capacitor

Front 40

____ is only a magnet when electricity flows through it

Back 40

Electromagnet

Front 41

Strength of electromagnet is determined by....

Back 41

the amount of wire wrapped around and the amount of current that flows through

Front 42

Whenever magnetism is moved by a conductor, it produces ____-

Back 42

electricity

Front 43

What produces AC?

Back 43

Alternator

Front 44

____ is a rectifier inside of an alternator to change AC to DC

Back 44

Diode

Front 45

_____ is attached to an electromagnet to the field and rotates with the field. It allows current to flow through the field while the alternator is still spinning

Back 45

Slip Ring

Front 46

_____ produces mechanical energy from electrical energy

Back 46

Electric Motor

Front 47

____ changes current back and forth and allows the polarity of the armature to switch so that there will always be an attraction and repulsion

Back 47

Commutator

Front 48

To change DC to AC in a motor, attach ____ instead of ____. This is called....?

Back 48

electromagnets; direct magnets; Universal series wound AC-DC motor

Front 49

____ changes mechanical energy to electrical energy

Back 49

Generator

Front 50

Generators and ____ are remotely the same

Back 50

Motors

Front 51

____ is the device for changing magnetism between coils to change electrical energy

Back 51

Transformer

Front 52

A transformer changes AC from ____ to ____

Back 52

low volts to high volts

Front 53

____ is the input of a transformer

Back 53

Primary

Front 54

____ is the output of a transformer

Back 54

Secondary

Front 55

____ transformer increases voltage

Back 55

Step Up

Front 56

____ transformer decreases voltage

Back 56

Step Down

Front 57

Ratio of voltage depends on....

Back 57

number of turns

Front 58

Transformers change the ____ available and the ____ available

Back 58

voltage; current

Front 59

Why do electrical companies use transformers?

Back 59

To make high voltages and low currents to use smaller wires and allow for some voltage drops through lines

Front 60

From electrical companies are...

Back 60

a series of transformers until the volts are small enough to be ideal for a house

Front 61

When electricity finally reaches a utility pole, it has a ____ that splits the volts in two and ____ that connects to the ground

Back 61

center tab; ground tab

Front 62

____ and ____ are special ways of vaporization

Back 62

evaporation; boiling

Front 63

____ is where the same number of molecules leave and re-enter per second, also known as....

Back 63

dynamic equilibrium; equilibrium vapor pressure

Front 64

In order for evaporation to occur, what two things must a molecule posses?

Back 64

the molecule must be close to the surface and it must have enough energy to break away from the attractive forces of the molecules that surround it

Front 65

In an open beaker, the opposing external pressure is the ____ that surrounds it

Back 65

atmospheric pressure

Front 66

At boiling point, ____ and ____ reach equilibrium

Back 66

liquid and vapor

Front 67

Once all liquid is gone from boiling, ____ will rise again

Back 67

heat

Front 68

____ external pressure will ____ the boiling point...example?

Back 68

Increasing; elevate; pressure cooker

Front 69

____ is heating liquid without vaporization

Back 69

superheating

Front 70

____ is when atmospheric pressure increases making the boiling temperature very high

Back 70

Pressurized water reactor

Front 71

As you increase the ____ of the water, molecules move increasingly faster and increases equilibrium vapor pressure

Back 71

temperature

Front 72

If a liquid has strong attractive forces between the molecules, it is harder for the molecules to escape and has ____ equilibrium vapor pressure; if weak, the ____ equilibrium vapor pressure

Back 72

low; high

Front 73

Once equilibrium vapor pressure is high enough and breaks the opposing external pressure....

Back 73

any molecule from anywhere in its placement can escape (bubbles)

Front 74

____ is the most convenient form of energy because it is very easy to transport

Back 74

electrical energy

Front 75

A steam engine creates high water pressure water vapor and is known as an _____ because fire is outside of the engine

Back 75

External combustion engine

Front 76

In a steam engine, a ____ goes back and forth to get reciprocating motion and ____ is attached to create rotary motion

Back 76

piston, crank

Front 77

____ is when fire is on the inside of the engine

Back 77

Internal combustion engine

Front 78

In an Internal combustion engine, ____ are opened and closed systematically

Back 78

valves

Front 79

____ and ____ is where everything enters and leaves the Internal combustion engine

Back 79

Intake and Exhaust

Front 80

____ and ____ must be connected by a permanent connection in order for the intake and exhaust valves to open and close when needed in an Internal combustion engine

Back 80

Cam shaft and Crank shaft

Front 81

Piston goes down and the intake valve opens, exhaust valve is closed, and pressure above the piston decreases, as air rushes into the cylinder, fuel is also picked up with the air, so gas rushes in with the air

Back 81

Intake strobe

Front 82

Piston goes up and both valves are closed, nothing can get out or go in, air and gas are compressed to a smaller volume, and pressure increases

Back 82

Compression Strobe

Front 83

Both valves are closed, spark plug ignites the compressed air and gas mixture. Temperature increases and number of molecules are increased, increasing pressure, and pushes down pistol (First time engine is capable of work)

Back 83

Power Strobe

Front 84

Once piston is pushed all the way back down, exhaust valve opens with intake valve still closed, piston goes up and pushes out burned gases

Back 84

Exhaust Strobe

Front 85

In an internal combustion engine, a crank shaft must make ____ revolutions between each power strobe, causing the piston to go up and down ____ times

Back 85

2;4

Front 86

____ controls a large amount of current with a small indicator and replaces a mechanical ignition

Back 86

Electrical ignition

Front 87

____ are replaced by putting spark coils straight on spark plugs

Back 87

Distributors

Front 88

____ holds gas which is picked up by the jet through a controlled valve (carburetor)

Back 88

Float bowl

Front 89

____ decreases air intake

Back 89

Choke

Front 90

Fuel injection replaced carbureater by using ____ to squirt fuel into cylinders (placed right out of the intake valve)

Back 90

electric valve

Front 91

____ only injects fuel during the intake strobe

Back 91

Sequential injection

Front 92

What are the two types of sequential injection?

Back 92

Inject fuel right outside the intake valve and inject right into the cylinder

Front 93

In a diesel engine, pressure produced is ____ and temperature is ____

Back 93

higher; higher

Front 94

There is no ____ on a diesel engine

Back 94

spark plug

Front 95

In a diesel engine, during the intake strobe, all is the same, but..

Back 95

only air enters

Front 96

In a diesel engine, during the Compression strobe, all is the same, but..

Back 96

only air is compressed

Front 97

In a diesel engine, during the power strobe, what happens?

Back 97

Mist of diesel fuel is released into the very hot air by fuel injector (ignition by heat of compression)

Front 98

In a diesel engine, during the exhaust strobe...

Back 98

all is same as gas engine

Front 99

Two-stroke engine is also known as....

Back 99

crankcase scavenged engine

Front 100

Explain what happens in a Two-stroke engine.

Back 100

Gas and air are forced in , Has no valves, eliminating mechanical work, and Piston acts like valves as it moves up by closing openings, and opens exhaust first

Front 101

What are the 2 problems with two-stroke engines?

Back 101

Some unburned gas releases, and some exhaust does not leave

Front 102

In a two-stroke engine, ____ occurs for every revolution

Back 102

power strobe

Front 103

____ and ____ are fossil fuels

Back 103

Petroleum coal and natural gas

Front 104

____% of energy comes from the sun

Back 104

99

Front 105

____% of sun energy is reflected back into space

Back 105

30

Front 106

____% of sun energy is absorbed by the earth and is used to heat the planet

Back 106

47

Front 107

____% of energy is used for the water cycle (hydroelectric energy)

Back 107

23

Front 108

____% of energy is used for climate and winds (Windmill energy)

Back 108

2/10

Front 109

____% of energy is used for photosynthesis (energy in food)

Back 109

2/100

Front 110

In chemical reactions, increase in temperature means increase in ____, which also relates to bigger collisions and more ____

Back 110

particle speed, energy

Front 111

In chemical reactions, increasing temperature increases the ____

Back 111

rate of reaction

Front 112

In chemical reaction, besides increasing temperature, what is something else that causes the increase of the rate of reaction

Back 112

concentration of the reaction

Front 113

____ is something that increases the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction, and it makes the reaction easier and faster

Back 113

Catalyst

Front 114

____ gives off energy (such as heat)

Back 114

Exothermic Reactions

Front 115

____ takes in energy

Back 115

Endothermic Reactions

Front 116

heat flows from high to low temperature until reaching equilibrium

Back 116

0th Law of Thermodynamics

Front 117

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Back 117

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Front 118

Systems spontaneously become a less orderly state

Back 118

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Front 119

Examples of 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Back 119

Chair rotting, iron rusting

Front 120

____ is the measure of disorder

Back 120

Entropy