Physical Science Classifying Matter

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Pure substance

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Matter that always has exactly the same composition. Ex. element or compound.

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Element

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A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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Atom

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The smallest particle of an element.

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Compound

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A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances (elements or compounds). Always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.

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Heterogeneous Mixture

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A mixture in which the parts of the mixture are noticeable different from one another.

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Homogenous Mixture

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A mixture in which the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another.

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Solution

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When substances dissolve and form a homogenous mixture, the mixture that forms is called this.

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Suspension

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A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time.

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Colloid

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a mixture that contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension. Scatters light.

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Physical Property

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Any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.

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Viscosity

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The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing (its resistance to flowing).

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Conductivity

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A material's ability to allow heat to flow.

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Malleability

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The ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.

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Melting Point

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The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid.

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Boiling Point

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The temperature at which a substance boils.

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Filtration

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A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.

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Distillation

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A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points.

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Physical change

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Occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same.

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Chemical Property

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Any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.

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Flammability

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A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

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Reactivity

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The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.

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Chemical change

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Occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substance. Three common examples are a change in color, the production of a gas, or the formation of a precipitate.

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Precipitate

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Any solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture.