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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter |
something that takes up space and has mass |
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diffusion |
the dispersion of a substance through another by particle motion |
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molecule |
a distinct particle formed when two or more atoms bond together |
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atoms |
they contain protons, electrons, and usually neutrons |
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ions |
particles with unbalanced electrical charges |
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anions |
they have more electrons than neutrons and have a negative electrical charge |
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cations |
opposite of anions and have a positive charge |
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nucleus |
the center of an atom |
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kinetic molecular theory |
constant motion makes up all matter and its a fundamental model of matter |
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electrons |
caries a single negative electrical charge |
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neutrons |
no electrical charge |
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pure substances |
made only of one kind of substance |
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element |
simplest kind of a pure substance and made of only one kind of atom |
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compound |
contains more than one kind of atom chemically bonded together |
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lattice |
the atoms of compounds may link up in molecules or in great masses of ions arranged in a repeating geometric pattern |
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organic compounds |
always contains the element carbon and many of these are found in living things or are produced by living things |
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inorganic compounds |
other compounds that do not contain carbon |
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mixture |
the mixing of two or more substances and are not chemically combined |
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homogeneous mixture |
the particles of the different substances are roughly the same size and mix evenly |
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solutions |
mixtures of gases and liquids |
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heterogeneous mixtures |
mixtures of particles that differ greatly in size |
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states |
solid, liquid, and gas |
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solid |
they do not easily change shape and they do not flow and their volume is basically consistent |
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liquid |
no definite volume but it flows |
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lubricants |
they reduce friction |
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viscosity |
a liquids resistance |
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gas |
they are far apart and move at high speeds |
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gas pressure |
the force a gas exerts on an area |
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physical property |
anything about a substance or object that we can observe or measure with out changing its chemical composition |
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physical change |
any change of the arrangement of the matter in a material or object |
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chemical changes |
materials that change from one kind of chemical substance to another |
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chemical reaction |
chemical changes that react in obvious and energetic ways |
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nuclear changes |
the changes in the nucleus involve changing number of neutrons or emitting or absorbing high energy rays or particles |
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phase change |
when matter changes states from one to another |
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melting |
when an object absorbs enough thermal energy its particles vibrate rapidly and they are not in a fixed location anymore |
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freezing |
when the particles of a liquid are trapped and can no longer move about they change to a solid |
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vaporization |
when a solid or a liquid substance changes directly into a gas |
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vapor pressure |
when the gas and liquid phases of any pure substances are in equilibrium |
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equilibrium |
the amount of liquid water doesn't appear to change because both processes are occurring at equal rates |
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boiling |
fastest kind of vaporization |
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evaporation |
the kind of vaporization that happens when a liquid's temperature is anywhere between its melting and boiling points |
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sublimation |
when solids seem to evaporate |
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condensation |
opposite of vaporization when vapor cool and changes to a liquid state |
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deposition |
opposite process to sublimation |
