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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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(dP/dn)V,T = |
= RT/V |
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(dP/dT)n,V = |
= nR/V |
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(dP/dV)n,T = |
= -(nRT)/V^2 |
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(dn/dP)V,T = |
= V/RT |
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(dT/dP)n,V = |
= V/nR |
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(dV/dP)n,T = |
= -(nRT)/P^2 |
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(dT/dV)n,P = |
= P/nR |
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when is n not on top of the formula? |
n is always on top except when the differential is for T, temperature (dT is the numerator). -ie (dT/dV)n,P ; (dT/dP)n,V |
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when is R not on top of the formula? |
R is always on top except when the differential is for T, temperature (dT is the numerator) -ie (dT/dV)n,P ; (dT/dP)n,V It is also not on top when differential is for n, (dn is in numerator) - ie when (dn/dP)V,T |
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Trick for P/V and V/P |
when P and V are on the left side of eq'n, the numerator will always be -(nRT). The denominator will be the same letter as the denominator on the left side but it will be squared. |
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Trick for P/T and T/P |
when there is P and T on the left, n and R will always be clumped together over/under V. T and V will also be together on the top or on the bottom, just on either side of the equation. Ie. P/T = nR/V or T/P = V/nR |
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T/V |
the only other equation has the left hand side variables of T/V. This is where the right hand side = P/nR. When on the same side of the equation, nR is always together |
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molectularity |
the stoichiometric quantity of reactants involved in an elementary reaction step ie N2O5 -> NO2 + NO3 =unimolecular = molecularity is 1 NO + O3 -> NO2 + O2 = bimolecular = 2 molecularity in single-step rxns, order = molecularity |
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Definition of Rate of Reaction |
ni = ni* + viE |
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ni = ni* + viE Define variables |
ni = # moles of species @ any time (constant) nio = # of moles of species at start vi = stoichiometric coefficient E = extent/advancement of reaction |
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What makes the study of a chemical reaction meaningful? |
i) strict temp control ii) stoichiometry should be well established (no/few side rxns) iii) thorough mixing of sol'n |
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Advantages of Method of Initial Rates |
-when rate is meas'd in initial stages of rxn i) reverse rxns are minimal during initial stages hence don't interfere ii) in heterogeneous catalysis, poisoning of catalyst is minimized iii) can be used to handle complex rate eq'ns |
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Advantages of Flooding/Isolation Method |
-isolates one reactant by use of excess for all other reactants -ensures reactants conc. remains effectively constant -causes a pseudo order |
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Pseudo order reaction ex |
rate = k[A][B]^2, when B is in excess then it is constant and k becomes k' where k' = k[B]o^2. Here it becomes pseudo-first-order. If A was flooded, it would be pseudo second order |
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what are some examples of zero order reactions |
i) Reactions involving absorption of light (light's intensity controls rxn) ii) surface catalyzed rxn (SA controls rate) iii) enzyme catalyzed rxn (amount of enzyme controls rate, not amount of reactants) ex. alcohol in liver |
