Chemistry Midterm Set 1

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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Mass

Back 2

The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object

Front 3

Energy

Back 3

The capacity to do work

Front 4

Chemistry

Back 4

The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of the energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes a change

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(Pure) Substance

Back 5

Matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down into simpler matter by any physical process

Front 6

Physical Process

Back 6

A transformation of a sample of matter, such as a change in its physical state, that does not alter the chemical identity of any substance in the sample

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Mixture

Back 7

A combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated from one another by a physical process

Front 8

Homogeneous Mixture

Back 8

A mixture in which the components are distributed uniformly throughout and have no visible boundaries or regions

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Solution

Back 9

Another name for homogeneous mixture; often liquids but may be solids or gases

Front 10

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 10

A mixture in which the components are not distributed uniformly, so that the mixture contains distinct regions of different compositions

Front 11

Element

Back 11

A pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

Front 12

Compound

Back 12

A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements bonded together in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by some chemical process

Front 13

Chemical Reaction

Back 13

The transformation of one or more substances into different substances

Front 14

Law of Constant Composition

Back 14

All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions

Front 15

Atom

Back 15

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of the element

Front 16

Molecule

Back 16

A collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions

Front 17

Chemical Formula

Back 17

A notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule

Front 18

Chemical Equation

Back 18

Notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction

Front 19

Chemical Bond

Back 19

The energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together

Front 20

Filtration

Back 20

A process for separating particles suspended in a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

Front 21

Distillation

Back 21

A separation technique in which the more volatile components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, thereby separating them from the less volatile components

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Volatile

Back 22

Easily vaporized

Front 23

Intensive Property of Matter

Back 23

A property that is independent of the amount of substance present

Front 24

Extensive Property of Matter

Back 24

A property that varies with the quantity of the substance present

Front 25

Examples of Intensive Properties

Back 25

Color, Melting and Boiling Temperatures, Malleability, Hardness, Shine, Flammability

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Examples of Extensive Properties

Back 26

Width and Length, Mass, Volume

Front 27

Physical Property of Matter

Back 27

A property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

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Chemical Property of Matter

Back 28

A property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance

Front 29

Density

Back 29

The ration of the mass of an object to its volume

Front 30

Solid

Back 30

A form of mater that has a definite shape and volume

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Liquid

Back 31

A form of matter that occupies a definite volume but flows to assume the shape of its container

Front 32

Gas/Vapor

Back 32

A form of matter that has neither definite volume nor shape and that expands to fill its container

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Scientific Method

Back 33

An approach to acquiring knowledge based on observation of phenomena, development of a testable hypothesis, and additional experiments that test the validity of the hypothesis

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Hypothesis

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A tentative and testable explanation for an observation or a series of observations

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Theory/Model

Back 35

A general explanation of a widely observed phenomenon that has been extensively tested and validated

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Significant Figures

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All the certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit. The greater the number of ___________ _______, the greater the certainty with which the value is known

Front 37

Precision

Back 37

The extent to which repeated measurements of the same variable agree

Front 38

Accuracy

Back 38

Agreement between an experimental value and a true value

Front 39

Conversion Factor

Back 39

A fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator but is expressed in different units, making the value of the fraction 1

Front 40

Kelvin (K)

Back 40

The SI unit of temperature

Front 41

Absolute Zero

Back 41

The zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible