Phy Sci Test 3

Front 1

The earths atmosphere is composed of

Back 1

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Carbon Dioxide

Front 2

almost all weather occurs in this region
commercial jets fly at the top of this layer
temperature decreases with height

Back 2

troposphere (bottom layer)

Front 3

Ozone production and UV absorption heat the top part of this region

Back 3

stratosphere

Front 4

The gases in this region are thick enough to slow down metereriotes, when they burn up it will leave fiery trails in the sky

Back 4

mesosphere

Front 5

In this layer, atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth

Back 5

exosphere

Front 6

The magnetic field in the Ionosphere captures

Back 6

Electrically charge Ions from the sun

Front 7

A geomagnetic storm is a temporary intense disturbance of

Back 7

the Earth's magnetosphere

Front 8

In the northern and southern pole regions of the earth

Back 8

aurora will be observable in the sky

Front 9

Clouds form when air is cooled to its ____ or when the air reaches saturation

Back 9

dewpoint

Front 10

As a bubble or parcel of air rises, it moves into an area of lower pressure and the parcel expands

Back 10

lifting-way in which air can reach saturation
*as air rises, it cools

Front 11

Does warm or cold air hold more water vapor?

Back 11

warm air

Front 12

The temperature to which the parcel must be cooled for water vapor to condense into dew

Back 12

dew point

Front 13

When the dew point temperature falls below freezing, it is called

Back 13

frost point

Front 14

High level clouds that form above 20,000 feet and are usually composed of

Back 14

ice crystals

Front 15

high level clouds are typically _____ in appearance but can create an array of colors when the sun is low on the horizon

Back 15

thin and white

Front 16

Cirrus generally occur in fair weather and point in the direction of air movement at their elevation

Back 16

fair weather

Front 17

____clouds are typically form between 7,000 -15,000 feet and ____

Back 17

Nimbus, bring steady precipitation

Front 18

Fluffy cotton balls, show the vertical motion or thermal uplift of air

Back 18

fluffy cotton balls

Front 19

Fearless low layer that covers the entire sky like a blanket bringing gray and dull weather

Back 19

Stratus
*may be called fog when it touches the ground

Front 20

Rays of sunlight that appear to radiate from a single point in the sky

Back 20

Crepuscular rays
Can be confused with precipitation

Front 21

Energy received in a given time. Some of the radiation will be absorbed causing radiant heating of Earth and some will be reflecting

Back 21

Insolation
Incoming Solar Radiation

Front 22

Without ______, Earth would be frozen

Back 22

natural Greenhouse Effect

Front 23

The heat index views that you hear on the news are for

Back 23

shady locations only

Front 24

Exposure to full sunshine can increase heat index value by up to

Back 24

15 degree Fahrenheit

Front 25

Strong winds, particularly with very hot, dry air, can be extremely hazardous as the wind

Back 25

adds heat to the body

Front 26

Steps in precipitation

Back 26

1. source of moisture
2. lifting of air

Front 27

Typically have a gentle slope, so the air rising along the front's surface is gradual. This usually favors the development of widespread layered or strati form cloudiness and precipitation along and to the north of the front

Back 27

Warm fronts
*see picture

Front 28

The slope is more steep and air is force upward more abruptly. This usually leads to a narrow band of showers and thunderstorms along or just ahead of the front, especially if the rising air is unstable

Back 28

cold fronts
*see picture

Front 29

Read page 468, section 13.6

Back 29

Wind is simply air in motion

Front 30

How many thunderstorms annually?

Back 30

14.6 million

Front 31

3 ingredients for thunderstorm formation

Back 31

Moisture
Instability
Lifting Mechansim

Front 32

3 stages of thunderstorm life cycle

Back 32

1. Towering cumulus stage
2. Mature stage
3. Dissipating stage
-lasts about 30 minutes

Front 33

Thunderstorms often form in clusters with numerous cells in various stages of development merging together. Can last for several hours producing large hail, damaging winds, flash flooding, isolated tornados

Back 33

Multi-cell thunderstorms

Front 34

A line that can extended for hundreds of miles. Can persist for many hours and produce damaging winds and hail. Gust front spreading out underneath acts as a mini cold front

Back 34

Squall lines

Front 35

Responsible for most tornadoes, extreme winds, flash flooding, single cell can persist for many hours

Back 35

supercell thunderstorms

Front 36

Except for heat-related fatalities, more deaths occur from _____ than any other hazard

Back 36

flooding

Front 37

The average peak power output of a single lightning stroke is about _____ watts

Back 37

one trillion

Front 38

States that people should seek shelter if the "flash to bang" delay is 30 seconds or less, and that they remain under cover until 30 minutes after the final clap of thunder

Back 38

30 seconds to 30 minutes

Front 39

The surface layer sits on top of the deep water because _____. The depth of the surface layer varies depending on the location and season, but the depth is typically a couple hundred meters

Back 39

the surface layer is less dense

Front 40

Where is most of Earths water?

Back 40

ocean

Front 41

Where is most of Earths fresh water?

Back 41

glaciers and polar ice caps

Front 42

The speed at which material in Earth's crust spreads form the oceanic ridges is

Back 42

only a few cm per year

Front 43

Saw the continents as being in constant motion and believed that all of the continents were joined together at one time

Back 43

Alfred Wegener
He failed to provide a driving force to account for contiental movements

Front 44

1st in the Jurassic, Pangaea created a rift from the _____ in the east and the Pacific in the west. The rift resulted in a new ocean, the Atlantic Ocean

Back 44

Tethys Sea

Front 45

crusts average thickness is 20-80 km, is about 3 billion years old, mostly granite

Back 45

continental plate

Front 46

crust's thickness is 10 km, is between 70-100 million years old, and is mostly basalt

Back 46

oceanic plate
-crust is more active than continental plates crust

Front 47

Constantly being renewed, material from the mantle causes ridges on seafloors, creating new lithosphere

Back 47

seafloor spreading

Front 48

Old lithosphere is destroyed in

Back 48

deep ocean trenches near the continents

Front 49

-7 large plates (plus a number of small ones)
-plates "ride" atop the plastic asthenosphere
-major interactions occur at plate boundaries (seismic activity, volcanism, and mountain building)

Back 49

Lithosphere

Front 50

2 plates moving apart
2 plates moving toward each other

Back 50

divergent
convergent

Front 51

one plate bends and descends below the other. deep ocean trenches and volcanoes produced

Back 51

subduction
2 continental plates

Front 52

dense oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate. oceanic trench, volcanic mountains

Back 52

oceanic, continental plate

Front 53

plates buckle and fold. No volcanic activity, but earthquakes are common. Plates are too thick for subduction

Back 53

2 continental plates

Front 54

When compressed rock buckles and folds. Cause pressure from slow, continuous plate movement. can result in gentle slopes or mountain chains

Back 54

folds-deformations (bends) in layers and rocks

Front 55

stress builds up until it exceeds the friction along an old fault surface or breaks rock and forms and new fault

Back 55

Elastic Rebound Theory

Front 56

After the built-up energy is released during an earthquake, the deformed rocks rebound to their un-deformed shapes

Back 56

aftershocks

Front 57

longitudinal waves
fastest-first to arrive on seismograph
travel through any type of material

Back 57

P-Waves

Front 58

secondary waves
transverse waves
slower
travel only through solids
may produce strongest vibrations

Back 58

S-Waves

Front 59

The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus, the point where an earthquake originates

Back 59

epicenter

Front 60

The shadow zone results from S waves being ____ by the ____ and P waves being bent by it. The shadow zone also helped define the diameter of the core

Back 60

stopped entirely
liquid core

Front 61

Plumes of hot material in the middle of plates. Remain stationary while the plates move above them

Back 61

Hot spots

Front 62

Produced the 2nd largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century

Back 62

Mount Pinatubo

Front 63

Eruption with the loudest sound historically reported on this planet

Back 63

Krakatau