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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Big Bang Theory states that? (3) |
The universe began as a HOT and INFINITELY DENSE point. It is similar to a BLACK HOLE. It happened 13.7 BILLION years ago when a tiny singularity violently exploded. |
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What are the 2 stages of the Universe's Evolution? |
• Radiation Era • Matter Era |
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EPOCHS (RADIATION ERA) w/ explanation |
1. Plank; no matter existed and there were 4 superforce (Gravity, Strong Nuclear, Electromagnetic, Weak) 2. Grand Unification; gravity split from the superforce (3 na lang sila) 3. Inflationary; Universe rapidly expanded from size of atom to size of grapefruit 4. Electroweak; Electromagnetic and Weak split up 5. Quark; all elements are present BUT it was too hot and dense for subatomic particles to form 6. Hadron; Universe cooled down, quarks bind together, formation of protons and neutrons (7.-8.) Lepton and Nuclear; proton and neutron fused, creating nuclei and creating the 1st element in the universe, HELIUM |
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EPOCHS IN MATTER ERA |
• Atomic Epoch - universe cooled down, electrons attach to nuclei for the first time (created Hydrogen) • Galactic Epoch - hydrogen + helium = formed atomic clouds, and from these clouds, became the seedlings of galaxies • Stellar Epoch - The formation of stars helped shape the universe, heat in the stars caused the conversion of H and He into all remaining elements in the universe |
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Belgian cosmologist and priest who pioneered the Big Bang Model |
Abbe George Edouard Lemaitre |
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British astronomer who coined the Big Bang |
Fred Hoyle |
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Inspiration of Lemaitre |
Albert Einstein |
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Proposed that the universe is spatial bound (infinite) and that the universe is static. |
Albert Einstein |
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3 Key Observational Evidence of the Big Bang |
1. Hubble/Cosmic Expansion 2. Cosmic Microwave Background 3. Primordial or Big Bang Nucleosynthesis |
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What up with Edwin Hubble? |
Made the major discovery of Hubble's exapantion using the 100 inch hooker telescope |
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What are cepheids? |
Class of variable stars pulbating peeriodically; used as an indicator of distance and velocity |
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What did George Gomow, Robert Herman, Ralph Alpher predict? |
That the early stage of the universe was hot and dense, then an afterglow of radiation must have filled up the universe because of the cooling process |
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Afterglow of radiation is called? |
Cosmic Microwave Background |
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Who predicted the CMB |
George Gomow Ralph Alpher Robert Herman |
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The 2 radio astronomers that confirmed the presence of CMB |
Arno Penzias Robert Wilson |
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Confirmation of CMB Where? When? What temp? |
Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, USA 1946 2.7 Kelvin |
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What is the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (2) |
Produces light elements after the big bang The fusion of PROTON AND NEUTRON |
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3 PARTS OF NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND EXPLANATION |
1. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis -formation of the nuclei of H and he; happened 3 mins after the big bang - Hand He nuclei attracted electrons which allowed them to form full neutral atoms 2. Stellar Nucleosynthesis -process of fusion in the center of the stars -formation of He to Fe 3. Supernova Nucleosynthesis -elements are formed during the violent explotions of stars. -has a looot of neutrons so elements heavier that Fe was formed |
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Key ratio of BBN |
75 % Hydrogen 25 % Helium |
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Believed everything is made out of Atoms |
Democritus |
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Father of Atomism |
Democritus |
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Greek word that means Atom |
Atomos |
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What are the characteristics of Atomos |
indestructible uncuttable |
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Atoms was proposed by Democritus' teacher who is.... |
Leuccipus |
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"To understand the very large, we must understand the very small" |
Democritus |
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4 Elements |
Earth Fire Air Water |
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What did Anaxagoras believe in? |
Most of the things come from seeds |
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Believed that everything came from the 4 elements |
Empedocles |
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Added Ether to the 4 elements |
Aristotle |
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What is the meaning of Ether |
Space or Void |
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In alchemy they are achieving to get: |
Philosopher's Stone (turns things into gold) Elixir (Medicine) |
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Democritus' description of atom (400 BC) |
simply a round sphere with no electrons, protons or neutrons |
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John Dalton's description of atom (1808) |
Tiny particles that can not be divided |
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Said that each element has its own atom |
John Dalton |
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Discovered the Electrons |
JJ Thompson (1897) |
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Description of electrons |
Smaller particles, negatively charged, no mass |
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Could not find the positive particle |
JJ Thompson |
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Thomson's Model |
Plum Pudding Model |
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JJ's term for electeons |
Corpuscles |
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What was E. Rutherford's experiment? |
Goild foil experiment |
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Whose experiment led to the discovery of nucleus |
E. Rutherford |
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Could not decide how protons and neutrons were arranged |
E. Rutherford |
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Niels Bohr |
Said that electrons travelled in a fixed path around the nucleus |
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Shows why each element emitted its own unique frequency of energy as electrons jumped orbits |
Atomic Planetary Model |
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Says that we can't know exactly where an electron is in any given time |
Electron Cloud Model |
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What does the electron cloud do? |
Assigns electrons to diff. atomic orbitals |
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The smallest unit of matter that retains the identity of the substance |
ATOM |
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2 Regions of ATOM |
Electron Cloud Nucleus |
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Nucleus contains... |
Mass |
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Atomic # |
Number of protons in an atom |
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Mass # |
# of protons and neutrons (addition) |
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An orbital can only hold: |
1st ring - 2 electrons 2nd ring - 8 electrons 3rd ring - 18 electrons 4th ring - 32 electrons |