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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transduction is the __________. |
conversion of physical information into neural information |
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The sound of a bell that a research subject can hear in 50 percent of an experiment's trials is that person's __________. |
absolute threshold |
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Robert asks Thomas if he heard a knock at the door, and Thomas says that he did not. Robert, swearing he heard a knock, goes to the door and opens it, but there is no one there. Signal detection researchers would label Thomas's report of no knock as a _________ |
correct rejection |
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_________________ is the process by which muscles control the shape of the lens to adjust to viewing objects at different distances. |
Accommodation |
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Josephine is selecting the colors of the flowers for her garden. She can distinguish between colors primarily due to the functioning of her eyes' __________. |
cones |
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Which of the following correctly portrays the general pathway for the process of vision? |
Retina, optic nerve, thalamus, visual cortex |
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Lillian sees a store sign that says CL SED. Due to the Gestalt law of __________, Lillian knows the store is closed even though the sign is missing a letter. |
closure |
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Which of the following correctly depicts the general pathway of a sound entering the outer ear? |
Pinnae, auditory canal, tympanic membrane |
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Which of the following are bones from the ear that vibrate and amplify sound waves? |
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup |
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The experience of the flavor of food results from __________. |
the combination of taste plus smell |
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How did Ben Underwood, who had both of his eyes removed at age 3, learn to shoot a basketball, ride a bike, and walk everywhere? |
He learned to echolocate by using differences in pitch when sounds bounce off objects of different sizes and distances. |
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What are the two types of photoreceptors? |
rods and cones |
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Building a visual experience from smaller piece to experience the whole is known as |
bottom-up processing. |
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The opponent process theory accounts for each of the following pairs except |
red and blue. |
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The taller a sound wave is, |
the louder is the sound. |
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Kim gets acupuncture treatments to relieve her chronic pain. Which of the following theories could explain how needles poked into her skin could alleviate Kim’s pain? |
nociceptive pain theory |
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In ______, people who have lost a limb feel pain in the missing arm or leg. |
phantom limb pain |
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The papillae contains approximately ______ taste buds |
10,000 |
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The Japanese word umami means |
“good flavor." |
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______ occurs when a person experiences sensations in one sense when a different sense is stimulated. |
Synesthesia |
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The ____________ stage of development begins at conception and lasts for two weeks. |
germinal |
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When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting single cell is known as a __________. |
zygote |
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Epigenetic effects are those in which __________. |
the environment affects gene expression |
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Which of the following can be a teratogen? |
all of these |
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Svetlana has just started to understand that volume remains the same, even if it changes shape. Svetlana must be in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development. |
concrete operational |
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How would a child, whose thought is at the conventional level of moral reasoning, respond to the "Heinz Dilemma"? |
"Heinz should not steal the drug, because everyone can't go around just taking things." |
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According to Mary Ainsworth, the healthiest form of attachment is called __________ |
secure |
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Harry Harlow's studies with baby rhesus monkeys demonstrated the importance of ____________ in promoting optimal development. |
contact comfort |
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As myelination occurs in the frontal lobes of the late adolescent brain, which of the following occurs? |
Impulse control increases. |
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Alzheimer's disease has been likened to low levels of which of the following neurotransmitters? |
acetylcholine |
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When we are born, the brain has more than ______ cells. |
100 billion |
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Kate is 9 weeks pregnant. The developing child’s heartbeat can be detected with a stethoscope, and organs are growing and maturing. In which stage of development is Kate’s developing child? |
fetal stage |
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Which of the following is not a quality of preoperational thinking? |
concrete operations |
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Which theorist commonly presented the “Heinz Dilemma” to his research participants? |
Lawrence Kohlberg |
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Milo is 18 months. When separated from his mother, he cannot be comforted by his mother when they reunite, and he has difficulty returning to play. Milo shows some passiveness as well. What attachment style would you classify Milo as having? |
insecure–resistant attachment |
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______ is the period when sexual maturation begins. |
Puberty |
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According to a survey by Vandewater et al. (2007), approximately what percentage of children aged 0 to 2 had watched TV on the day before the survey was taken? |
60% |
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Knowledge that we have gained from experience, education, and practice is called |
crystallized intelligence |
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According to Erik Erikson, the conflict of old age is between |
integrity versus despair |
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Which theorist outlined the stages that people may move through after learning that they are going to die? |
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross |
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As stated in the Feist and Rosenberg text, when we sleep we are _________________ conscious. |
moderately |
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Rose is smitten with Sid. She is speaking with him and is fully aware of what he is saying, the tone of his voice, how he smells, the look in his eyes, and how he makes her feel. Rose's state of consciousness can be said to be high in __________. |
mindfulness |
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Research has shown that training in __________________ meditation can increase well-being and physical health. |
mindfulness |
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Circadian rhythms are __________. |
fluctuations in biological processes that occur approximately within a 24-hour period |
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In adults, each complete sleep cycle, non-REM and REM sleep together, lasts about how long? |
90 minutes |
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Because infants spend so much more time in REM sleep than do adults, psychologists believe that a primary function of REM is to __________. |
facilitate brain development |
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In which sleep disorder does the individual literally stop breathing for a short time? |
sleep apnea |
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To psychoanalytic therapists, the story line of a dream, or its surface content, is known as its _______________ content. |
manifest |
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Which of the following has been shown to be an effective clinical application of hypnosis? |
stopping smoking treating nausea relieving pain |
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Another name for narcotics is __________. |
opiods |
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______ is the awareness of one’s surroundings and of what is in one’s mind at a given moment. |
Consciousness |
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Which of the following systems does not vary on a circadian basis? |
blinking |
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In which stage of sleep do theta waves occur? |
Stage 1 |
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After the night’s first period of REM sleep, |
the non-REM periods are shorter, and the REM periods are longer. |
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What percentage of non-REM periods may involve dreaming? |
up to 70% |
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Individuals with narcolepsy may also experience the disorder ______, which is a weakness of facial muscles and muscles in the limbs. |
cataplexy |
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______ is a state of mind that occurs in compliance with instructions and is characterized by focused attention, suggestibility, and absorption. |
Hypnosis |
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Secobarbital, diazepam, and hydrocodone are all examples of |
depressants |
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MDMA is also known by which other drug name? |
ecstasy |
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Most people who abuse amphetamines get them from |
health-care providers. |