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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autotrophs |
organisms that can make its own food |
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heterotrophs |
organisms that obtain energy by consuming food |
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ATP |
(adenosine triphosphate) chemical compounds that cells use to store/release energy; contains adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups |
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ADP |
(adenosine diphosphate) similar to ATP except only 2 phosphate groups |
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photosynthesis |
process in which plants use sunlight energy to convert water/carbon dioxide to oxygen/carbs |
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pigments |
light-absorbing molecules in plants |
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chlorophyll |
primary pigment in plants that absorb all light except green |
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thylakoids |
saclike photosynthetic membranes |
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granum |
stacks of thylakoids |
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stroma |
region outside thylakoid membrane |
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NADP+ |
carrier molecule in ETC |
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NADPH |
when NADP+ holds 2 electrons and a hydrogen ion |
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light-dependent reactions |
first part of photosynthesis in thylakoids; uses light energy and water to produce oxygen and converts ADP/NADP+ to ATP/NADPH |
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Calvin cycle |
light-independent reactions that occur in stroma; uses carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to produce sugars |
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glycolysis |
first step in releasing glucose's energy, in which glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid |
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cellular respiration |
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose/food molecules in presence of oxygen |
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NAD+ |
electron carrier that accepts pair of electrons, turning into NADH. Helps pass energy from glucose to other pathways |
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fermentation |
anaerobic process that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in absence of oxygen |
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anaerobic |
not needing oxygen |
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alcoholic fermentation |
fermentation occurring in yeast cells, forms ethyl alcohol, CO2, and NAD+ |
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lactic fermentation |
when pyruvic acid accumulates from glycolysis, forming lactic acid. Happens in muscle cells/non-alcoholic places |
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aerobic |
requiring oxygen |
