Photosynthesis And Respiration

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Photosynthesis

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The complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun.

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Cellullar respiration

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the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for cellular processes.

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pigment

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any substance whose presence in the tissues or cells of animals or plants colors them.

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Chlorophyll

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The green coloring matter of leaves and plants, essential to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis

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carotenoid

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any of a class of yellow to red pigments found especially in plant, algae, and photosynthesis bacteria. They absorbs light energy of certain frequencies and transfer it to chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis.

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Carbon dioxide fixation

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the process by which carbon from the atmosphere is converted into carbon compounds, such as carbohydrates, plants and algae, usually by photosynthesis.

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Calvin cycle

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A series reaction that occur as part of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that ultimately converted into sugars.

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Aerobic

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Living or occurring only in the presence of free oxygen: aerobic bacteria

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Anaerobic

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living or occurring in the absence of free oxygen: anaerobic bacteria

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Glycolysis

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A metabolic process that occurs in nearly all living cells in which glucose is converted in series of steps to pyruvic acid during which energy is released in the form of ATP.

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Fermentation

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any of a group of chemical reactions induced by microorganisms or enzymes that split compplex organic compounds into relatively simple substances, especially the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast.

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Stroma

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The colorless semiliquid material inside a chloroplast, in which the the darkreactions of photosynthesis occur.

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ATP

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adenosine triphosphate material inside a chloroplast, in which the thylakoid membranes are embedded and where the dark reactions of photosenthesis occur

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ADP

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adenosine dihosphere; a nucleotide derived from ATP with the liberation of energy that is then used in the performance of muscular work.

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Aero-

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neeeding oxygen or air

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Glyc

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Sweet;sugar