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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Realism
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The quality of a depiction which represents things as they actually are; idealization or abstraction are not part of the depiction. Mexican Drive through
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Expressionisn
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Emotions embodied in the work; artists seek to stimulate the same emotions in an audience - pictorialism is more commonly used
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Formalism
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Aesthetic value can stand alone, independent of other artistic judgment - composition, abstraction, lines, shapes
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Postmoderisn
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Artists invents/fabricates subject, technical perfection in photographic prints is not important. All manipulations of negatives and prints are acceptable
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Art, photography and science all have what in common?
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Imagination, aesthetic contemplation, visualization, research(trial and error), mastery of technique and understanding of reality
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Whats important when reading a photo?
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Context, physical characteristics
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Intrinsic frame
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Photograph's edges
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What is the camera obscura
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an optical device used in drawing - projection
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What does the camera obscura mean?
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Dark Chamber
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How old is the camera obscura?
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1000 years old
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How does the camera obscura work?
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just a box (which may be room-size) with a hole in one side. Light from only one part of a scene will pass through the hole and strike a specific part of the back wall. The projection is made on paper on which an artist can then copy the image.
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Johann Heinrich Schulz
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discovery that certain silver salts, most notably silver chloride and silver nitrate, darken in the presence of light
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Joseph Niephore Niepce
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positioned at the back of a camera obscura sheets of silver salts coated paper, known to blacken with daylight . In may 1816 he produced the first image of nature : a view from a window .
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Jacques Louis Daguerre
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invention of the daguerreotype process of photography. direct-positive process, creating a highly detailed image on a sheet of copper plated with a thin coat of silver without the use of a negative
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Henry Fox Talbot
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inventor of the negative/positive photographic process. Photos could be exposed to light
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John Herschel
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invented the cyanotype process and variations, the precursors of the modern blueprint process
Fixed the photo so they wont fade |
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Daguerreotype
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Invented by Daguerre - results from exposing metal surface to light ("Silver-coated copper plate sensitized in iodine vapor and developing its latent image by fuming in mercury vapor")
Exposure- 5-60 minutes "The mirror with a memory" |
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Calotype
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Invented by William Henry Fox Talbot.
Negative-positive process; paper prints Advantages over daguerreotype: Picture can be enlarges light weight Can be framed/hung on wall |
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Photogenic drawing
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Talbot again - writing paper immersed in a solution of salt then dried - brushed over with silver nitrate + silver chloride became light sensitive
Could put plants on top to create image |
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Contrast issues with foreground and sky
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handled with artifice - one negative was exposed for the sky and the other for the foreground. They were then combined to form a single print - masking
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Advantages of the Daguerreotype
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-Produced fine detail
-Provided training ground for later architectural and landscape photographers |
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Disadvantages of the daguerreotypes
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-Bulking equipment
- Produced mirror image - In architecture, too small to permit interpretation of building's minute details -Single, non-reproducible image, could not be enlarged |
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The advantages of the calotype
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-Multiple prints from a single calotype negative
- Could be enlarged - Softer-toned effects - Light weight |
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Disadvantages of the Calotype
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- Less detail
- relative rapid facing for the prints |
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Advantages of Wet Collodion on glass
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- Combined acuity of the daguerreotype with the calotype's ease to make multiple images
- Less subject to fading BUT It required a portable dark room |
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Intimate landscape
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no sky or horizon
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Carleton Watkins
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Landscape photography - railroad, Yosemite - California
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Celia Glashier
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Botanical artist
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Lantern Slide
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Wat collodian glass plate was commonly used and inserted into a lantern slide project. The images on the slide were projected onto a wall or screen, which allowed viewing by groups of people
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Edouard Baldus
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Recorded the building of the rail routes
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Mammoth Camera
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Photograph trains in America. George R. Lawrence made it
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Why artists didn't think photography was art?
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Photography was viewed as strictly a mechanical and chemical process, did not require creativity
but some thought that photography could be a significant as other hand-made works of art, and could be beneficial |
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Narrative photograph
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Tells a story
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Allegorical photograph
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one that represents an idea, often containing characters in a pictorial form
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Genre photograph
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Marks by a particular style
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Naturalism
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Photographs should reflect nature with the truth of sentiment, illusion of truth and decoration
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Chiaroscuro
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Contrast between light and dark
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Ennobling processes
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permitted the exploration of creative ideas by hand manipulation directly on the print - pissed artists off cause it was indistinguishable
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Photo-Secession
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to force the art world to recognize photography "as a distinctive medium of individual expression."
Alfred Stieglitz |
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Edward Curtis
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Native Americans - women and elderly
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Equavalents
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form, not subject, conveys emotions and psychological reaction - clouds
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Straight phtogography
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attempts to depict a scene as realistically and objectively as permitted by the medium, renouncing the use of manipulation
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Precisionism
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main themes included industrialization and the modernization of the American landscape, which were depicted in precise, sharply defined, geometrical forms.
WW1 |
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Edward Weston
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Peppers - pictorialism - real
F/64 - clarity |
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Rayographs
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Produced by placing translucent materials on a photo sensitive paper and then exposing to stationary or moving light sources
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John Szarkowski
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Expression
Minnesota |
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Charles Negre
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landscape and architectural photographs of Paris,
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The diaphragm controls
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the aperture
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Changing the aperture changes
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the amount of light let in through the lens, changes are called f-stops
For each increase in stop, the light halves As the f-stop increases, the light let in decreases The depth of field increases as f-stops increase |
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Film speed
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the higher the film speed, the more sensitive the film is to light
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Frontlight
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eliminates shadows and highlights thus subdues textures and form
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Sidelight
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produces shadows
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Backlight
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emphasizes highlights and may be used in silhouettes
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Mergers
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elements in the scene that overlap or touch and which have similar tonal qualities
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Hot spots
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bright spots in the scene that distract our attention from the main subject
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external vs. internal contexts
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external - where the photograph is present. Internal - relationships between subject matter, medium and form
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color temperatre
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blue - hot, red - cold
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