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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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phonological definition of a syllable
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phonological unit that groups sounds together for the purpose of establishing suprasegmentals in languages
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subconstituents of a syllable
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onset
rime (required constituent): nucleus - required member (vowel) and coda - optional member |
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what attracts stress?
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heavier syllables and full quality vowels(in English this is everything except schwa)
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types of stress
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fixed
variable pitch accent |
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fixed stress langugages
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Polish, Czech and French
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variable stress languages
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English
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pitch accent languages
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Japanese, Blackfoot - this is a combination of stress and tone - one tone per word
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what are the phonetic qualities of stress?
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higher pitch and loudness
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types of tones
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register and contour
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where are register tones found?
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Africa, also Navajo
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where are contour tones found?
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SE Asia
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tone bearing units
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according to whichever theory - mora and rime
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smallest domain of intonation
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syllable (but can also be word or sentence)
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register tone languages have a...
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single pitch per phoneme (high, medium or low)
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contour languages have...
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tones that shift from high to low
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source filter theory: what is the acoustic source?
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vocal folds
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what is the filter in SFT?
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the oral tract - divided into interior and posterior cavities
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interior cavity includes
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hard palate --> lips
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posterior cavity includes
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back of mouth/velum --> pharynx
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steps of SFT
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1) vocal folds: voicing chops the airstream into a systematic pattern or segments by vibration, voicelessness
2) pitch, also caused by vibration and influenced by the size o the cavity |
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lower frequency caused by a ...
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larger cavity
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higher frequency caused by a ...
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smaller cavity
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[i]--> what are the frequencies?
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high frequency - anterior
low frequency - posterior |
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[u] --> what are the frequencies?
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low frequency - anterior
low frequency - posterior |
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[a] what are the frequencies?
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high frequency - posterior
low frequency - anterior |
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formant frequencies:
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F1 -
F2 - |
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F2
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shows front back distinction
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F1
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shows tongue height
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F1 range
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280 - <800(low pitch)
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F2 range
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1500 - >2000 (front)
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what is the fundamental frequency?
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F0 - usually used for measuring intonation
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Front vowels have a higher __ frequency
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F2
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Low (in tongue height) have a higher ____ frequency
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F1
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What is F3 connected to?
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lip rounding
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In general, females have _____ ______ frequencies
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higher formant
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