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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diff. b/t internal and external intercostal muscles |
Both are b/t the ribs, but the internal intercostals are deep to the external intercostals. The external intercostals are used for inspiration, and the internal intercostals are used for expiration. |
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What articulators are involved in making a bilabial sound? |
upper and lower lips |
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What articulators are involved in making a labiodental sound? |
Lower lip and upper central incisors |
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What articulators are involved in making a dental/interdental/linguadental sound? |
tongue apex (or blade) and teeth |
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What articulators are involved in making an alveolar sound? |
tongue apex (or blade) and alveolar ridge |
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What articulators are involved in making a palatal sound? |
Blade of tongue and hard palate |
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What articulators are involved in making a velar sound? |
back of tongue and velum |
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What articulators are involved in making a glottal sound? |
Vocal folds |
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What articulators are involved in making a lingual sound? |
Tongue |
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/p/ |
voiceless, bilabial stop |
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/b/ |
voiced, bilabial stop |
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/t/ |
voiceless, alveolar stop |
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/d/ |
voiced, alveolar stop |
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/k/ |
voiceless, velar stop |
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/g/ |
voiced, velar stop |
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/m/ |
voiced, bilabial nasal |
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/n/ |
voiced, alveolar nasal |
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/ŋ/ |
voiced, velar nasal |
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The ___ vowels are the exact same as the ___ vowels. |
The mid vowels (tongue height) are the exact same as the central vowels (tongue advancement). /ə, ɚ, ɝ/ |
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In terms of tongue advancement, one vowel is unique. Which one? |
/ʌ/, which is back-central. All others are strictly front, back, or central. |
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/f/ |
voiceless, labiodental fricative |
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/v/ |
voiced, labiodental fricative |
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/s/ |
voiceless, alveolar fricative |
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/z/ |
voiced, alveolar fricative |
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/ʃ/ |
voiceless, palatal fricative |
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/ʒ/ |
voiced, palatal fricative |
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/h/ |
voiceless, glottal fricative |
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/tʃ/ |
voiceless, palatal affricate |
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/dʒ/ |
voiced, palatal affricate |
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/j/ |
voiced, palatal glide |
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/w/ |
voiced, labiovelar glide |
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/ɹ/ |
voiced, palatal (postalveolar) liquid |
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/l/ |
voiced, alveolar liquid |
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/θ/ |
Voiceless, interdental (linguadental) fricative |
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/ð/ |
Voiced, interdental (linguadental) fricative |
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“Segmentals” “Segmental Speech” |
Just the vowels and consonants (because a phoneme is a segment of speech) |
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articulation disorder |
a problem producing only a few phonemes or a disorder tied to the motor aspects of speech production |
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phonological disorder |
difficulty with the sound system of a language and difficulty using the rules that govern the combination & order of phonemes in words |
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speech sound disorder |
any disorder involving speech sound production (articulation disorders & phonological disorders both fall under this umbrella) |
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Regressive Assimilation |
A coarticulation process where a phoneme changes because of what comes after it. |
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Progressive Assimilation |
A coarticulation process where a phoneme changes because of what comes before it. |
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Other details about regressive assimilation |
AKA right-to-left assimilation AKA anticipatory assimilation /wʌz ʃi/ -> /wʌʒ ʃi/ |
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Other details about progressive assimilation |
AKA left-to-right assimilation AKA perseverative assimilation /hæpən/ -> /hæpm̩/ |
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Elision |
Omission of a phoneme |
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Epenthesis |
Adding a phoneme |
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Metathesis |
Transposition of Sounds |
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Vowel Reduction |
Vowels being pronounced more like schwa than with their full weight during connected speech |
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External Juncture |
A pause that connects two intonational phrases |
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Open Internal Juncture |
A transitional pause between two syllables in the same intonational phrase (indicated with a +) |
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Close internal juncture |
The lack of a pause between two syllables in the same intonational phrase (no symbols required) |
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Theory of Natural Phonology |
The concept that children simplify adult speech patterns, and the simplifications are suppressed once the child can say things the normal way |
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Three types of phonological processes |
-syllable structure processes -substitution processes -assimilation processes |
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Weak syllable deletion |
Omission of an unstressed syllable (/nænə/ for “banana”) |
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Final consonant deletion |
Reducing a closed syllable to an open syllable (/kæ/ for “cat”) |
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Reduplication |
Repetition of a syllable or repetition of a vowel or consonant (/mumu/ for “movie” or /dɑgɑ/ for “doggy”) |
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Cluster reduction |
The deletion of a consonant from a consonant cluster (/ɹeɪ/ or /pɹeɪ/ for “spray”) |
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Stopping |
Substituting a stop for a fricative or affricate |
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Fronting |
Substituting a velar or palatal consonant with an alveolar one |
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Deaffrication |
Substituting a fricative for an affricate |
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Gliding |
Substituting a glide for a liquid |
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Vocalizing |
Substituting a vowel for postvocalic /ɹ/ or /l/ |
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idiosyncratic processes |
phonological processes that are not characteristic of the speech behavior of typically developing children |
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Glottal replacement |
An idiosyncratic process involving the substitution of a glottal stop for another consonant |
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Initial consonant deletion |
omission of a single consonant at the beginning of a word |
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Backing |
Substituting /k/ or /g/ for a consonant typically pronounced further forward |
