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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what vaccination does OSHA require all health personnel to get? |
Hepatitis B vaccination |
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pulmonary edema
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Fluid in the lungs |
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How much blood can a person donate in one session?
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500ml |
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Patients have the right to what? |
Under the Patients Bill of rights they can always have the option to decline medical treatment and know what tests are being performed on them |
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What can you NOT give a patient?
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Results or a diagnosis |
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Negligence is? |
Failure to give appropriate care! |
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PPE stands for? |
Personal protective equipment |
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Most important Standard Precaution |
Hand washing |
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Needles should never be
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recapped |
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Types of Hazards |
Sharps- Needles, lancets, and broken glass causing blood borne pathogen exposure Chemical-preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory Fire or explosives- Bunsen burners, oxygen tanks Physical-wet floors, heavy lifting Allergic reaction-Latex |
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In infection control who is the agent?
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Person |
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in infection control WHAT is the portal? |
Needle |
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In infection control WHAT can we control? |
Mode of transmission or exit of infection |
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In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry
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Mucus membrane |
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Five main types or mode of transmission |
Droplet-cold, flu, sneezing Airborne- breathing in droplets from infected person in common area vector borne- transmitted by an insect, mosquito, flea, tick |
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Standards precautions do what? |
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what do we assume of all patients? |
They are infected with pathogens |
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What are barriers protection?
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Gloves Face shields Respirator Gloves |
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Order of removing PPE equipment?
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2. gown 3.Shield |
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What do you do if blood splashes in the eye or mucous membrane? |
Flush with warm water( 15 minutes) Report immediately to supervisor! |
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who cannot be identified in an incident report? |
a minor |
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What phrase is best practice? |
"pleasant with the patient and professional with the poke"
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If a patient has an I.V> where do you draw blood?
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Downstream from the I.V. |
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Double mastectomy patients should ONLY have blood drawn from where? |
Hands |
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Left Mastectomy patients should have blood drawn from what side? |
Right side |
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What is a Fistula? |
artificial connections of veins |
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What is a Graft? |
artificial artery connection to vein |
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Cephalic means what?
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head |
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To prevent hematoma |
Prevented if pressure is placed on the venipuncture site until bleeding stops |
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If the patients what is the first thing to do? |
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Vasonagal Syncope is
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Fainting, dizziness before, during or after venipuncture |
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Circulatory System Function |
To deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to the cells. Transport cellular waste out of the body |
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Circulatory exchange is done where? |
Capillary level |
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All blood cells originate from |
every 120 days. |
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Oxygen takes place in the
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Alveoli(sacs in the lungs) |
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How long does it take for a full circulation? |
One minute |
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The average person weighing 150 pounds has |
5-6 liters of blood in their system
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Blood is composed of
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7-9 percent of the total body weight |
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Blood has how much plasma?
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55% plasma |
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What is 45% of blood? |
REd blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. |
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For obese patients what vein is used?
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Cephalic Vein is most likely to be the one you can palpate and draw blood from in an obese patient
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Most common complication in Phlebotomy
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Hematoma
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How long does your body take to regenerate RBC you lose during donation
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6 to 8 weeks if you donate the maximum of 500 mL
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Three layers of the heart are?
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Endocardium
Myocardium Epicardium |
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Endocardium
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the endothelial inner layer lining of the heart |
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Myocardium
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the muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart |
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Epicardium
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the fibrous outer layer of the heart. The coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart are found in this layer
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Blood vessels are
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Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins, superior and inferior vena cava |
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Erythrocytes
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Red blood cells( RBC)hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein
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Hemoglobin
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enters the blood as an immature reticulocyte where in one to two days, it matures into erythrocyte.
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How many RBS's per microliter
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4.2 to 6.2 million RBC's per microliter of blood.
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What is leukocytes function
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provides the body protection against infection.
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How many WBC's for adults per microliter?
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5,000 to 10,000
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Leukocytosis is?
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an increase in WBC's, is seen in the case of infection and leukemia.
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Leukopenia is what?
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a decrease in WBC's, is seen with viral infection or chemotherapy |
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How many types of WBC's are in the blood
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Five
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A differential count does what?
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determines the percentage of each type
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Neutrophils are what?
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phagocytic cells, meaning, they engulf and digest bacteria. Their number increase in bacterial infection.
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Lymphocytes do what?
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their numbers increase in viral infection, they also play a role in immunity
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Monocytes do what?
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Increase in intracellular infections and tuberculosis |
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Eosinophils do what?
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they are active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules.
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Basophils do what
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release histamine |
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Thrombocytes are essential for what?
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blood coagulation |
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Thrombocytes are also know as
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platelets are small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in bone marrow |
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collected blood clots, by normal coagulation process is
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30 minutes
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Common test for red tubes are
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Serum chemistry, Serology, Blood bank
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Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) sample must be run within
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15 minutes of collection
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Arterial blood is used to determine
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blood gas levels and blood PH. Usually collected by a nurse or respiratory therapist |
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Do you note if a patient has not fasted?
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YES!
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Light blue tubes are used to test
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coagulation determinations on plasma specimens.
Certain test require chilled specimens Always fill to MAX fill line |
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Blood coagulates with additive in
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30 minutes |
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Mint green top tube has what additive
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PST - Plasma Separator tube
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Common tests for Green tubes are
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Ammonia |
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LYTES are
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electrolytes - potassium, sodium
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BMP Panel is
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Basic
Metobolic Panel |
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A Panel is
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A group of tests ordered together
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Sodium additive tubes test for
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Lithium
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CMP - chem 14 Tiger/Gold tube
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Comprehensive Metobolic Panel
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Pink top tubes are used for
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Blood banks / transfusion - for blood typing
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Lavendar top tubes are used for
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CBC = Complete Blood Count
CBCAN = Complete Blood Count Automatice Differential CBCDN - Complete Blood Count Manual Differential |
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ESR - Lavendar top tub
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Erythocyte Sedimentation Rate; Sickle Cell Screening |
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Tubes must be filled
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at least two-thirds full
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What test is ALWAYS given before blood donation
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Hematocrit
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ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)
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Analyes arteial blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate content in addition to blod PH respiration |
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Aseptic
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The absence of microoganisms or by contrast, something that just discourages the growth of microoganisms is antiseptic
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Battery
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The basis of tort in this case the unprivileged touching of one person by another
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Informed Consent
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Patient gives consent for a procedure to be performed in full knowledge of the procedure and the risk it entails
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Bleeding Time
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A test done to ascertain platelet function
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A Plug is
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A special paper applied to a wound (small incision) in the forearm. The paper is applied and then timed to see how long it takes for platelets to form a "plug" and stop the bleeding
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Aspirin will affect
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bleeding time results
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Blood Clot
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The conversion of blood from a liquid form to solid through the process of coagulation
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an embolism is
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a clot that moves inside the vessel it is referred to as an embolus |
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Blood borne infection
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an infection transmitted from blood to blood
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Butterfly
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a small needle with two plastic wings attached which are squeezed together to form a tab that is used to manipulate the needle. A long 6-12" plastic tubing is attached which again offers better manipulation. This assembly is then attached to a syrings or Vacutainer holder for the purpose of drawing a blood sample
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Coagulation Factors
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Group of plasma protein substances (Factor I-XIII) contained in the plasma which act together to bring about blood coagulation
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Complete Blood Count
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The number of RBC's (red blood cells), WBC's (white blood cells) and platelets (per cubic millimeter) that are present in the patient's sample of blood is determined.
Also included is the HEMOTACRIT (%), hemoglobin concentration (gm%) and the differential. Most common test done on the blood |
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Coumadin
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Trademark for the preparation of warfarin sodium |
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Cyanotic
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Bluish skin color due to lack of Oxygen
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Defamation of character
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Consists of injury to another person's reputation, name or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) words.
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Differential
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A count made on a strained blood smear of the proportion of the different leukocytes (WBC's) and express as a percentate.
A differential is a normal part of a complete blood count (CBC) |
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Ecchymosis
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The skin discoloration caused by a bruise (contusion) |
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Fibrin
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A protein formed during normal blood clotting tht is the essence of the clot
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Fibrinogen
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The protein form which fibrin is formed/generated in normal blood clotting
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Flash
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Relative to venipuncture, the appearance of a small amount of blood in the neck of a syringe or the tubing of a butterfly. This is a sign the the vein has been properly accessed.
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Fomite
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An inanimate object that transports microorganisms |
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Formed Elements
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Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and platelets
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Gauge
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Needle Diameter is measured by gauge; the larger the needle diameter, the smaller the gauge.
For example, a very large diameter needle (16 ga) may be used to hemodialysis, whereas a much smaller needle (23 ga) would be used to draw blood for laboratory testing |
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Germicide
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An agent that kills pathogenic microoganisms
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Good Samaritan Law
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This law deals with the rendering of first aid by health care professionals at the scene of an accident or sudden injury. It encourages health care professionals to provide medical care within the scope of their training without fear of being sued for negligence |
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Glucose
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The sugar measured in the blood an urine specimens to determine the presences or absence of diabetes.
Glucose is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and is the cheif source of energy for all living organisms |
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Hemolyze
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The breakin of the RBC's (red blood cells) membrane releasing free hemoglobin into the cirulating blood. In phlebotomy, this is usually a result of mechanical damage due to poor technique
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Hyperglycemia
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Abnormally high blood sugar level
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Hypoglycemia
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Abnormally low blood sugar level
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Invasion of privacy
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This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission
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Lipemic
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After blood is spun and seperated in a centerfuge the serum/plasma portion is milky in apprearance. Hyperlipidema would cause the blood to be lipemic
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Lymphedema
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Lymphedema is a type of swelling wich occurs in lymphatic tissue when excess fluid collects in the arms or legs because the lymp nodes or vessels are blocked or removed. Regarding Phlebotomy, this can be a major complication of mastectomies |
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Multi-Sample Adapter
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A device used with a butterfly and Vacutainer holder to allow for then withdrawl of multiple tubes of blood during a venipuncture
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Negligence
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This is the failure to exercise the standard of card that a resonable person would give under similar circumstances and someone suffers injury because fo another's failur to live up to a required duty of care
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Four elements of negligence
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1-Duty of care |
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Nosocomial
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Healthcare setting acquired infections
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Oncology
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The study and treatment of cancer
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Pathogenic
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Having the capability of producing disease
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Peripheral Blood
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Blood obtained from the circulation away from the heart, such as from the fingertip, heel pad and earlobe or from an antecubital vein
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Petechiae
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These are tiny non-raised red spots that appear on the skin from rupturing of the cappillaries due to the tourniquest being left on to long or to tight
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Pipette
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A glass or transparent plastic tube used to accurately measure small amounts of liquid
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Platelets
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Also known as a thrombocyte, this is a particulate component of the blodd, approximatley 2-4 microns in diameter and known for it's invlovement in blood coagulation. |
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Septicemia
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This is systemic infection associated with the presence of pathogenic organism introduces during a venipuncture
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Tort
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Tort is a wrongful act that results in injury to one person by another
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Vacutainer
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Vacutainer is a federally and internationally registered trademark owned by BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) that is used in connection with a complete system of tubes, needles and needle holders, sharps collectors and safety devices in blood collection.
The Vacutainer evacuated tube, for example, automatically aspirates the correct aount of blood into a tube. It is used indtead of a syringe. Despite the fact that BD owns the Vacutainer trademark, the term has become so widley used to describe similar blood collection tubes and devices, that it has become a generically used term |
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Warfarin Sodium
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The sodium salt of warfarin, one of the synthetic coumarin anticoaulants. Coumadin
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White Cell Count (WBC)
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The number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the peripheral blood and measure per cubic millimeter
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Whole Blood
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Blood from which none of the elements have been removed. It is usually referred to as blood, collected from a doner and anticoagulated for the purpose of blodd replenishment for a recipient
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