Phlebotomy Certification Study Guide

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ASAP

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As soon as possible

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Basal state

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State of rest and fasting normally for 12hr

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Dorsal

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Back

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Edema

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a collection of fluid under the skin

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fasting

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not eating or drinking for a period of time, generally at least 8hr and often 12hr

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hematoma

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a collection of blood underneath the skin, also known as bruise

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Medical identification number

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a unique number that is established for a patient upon entry to the medical facility

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palpate

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to feel with the fingers

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phlebitis

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inflammation of a blood vessel

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requisition form

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form on which tests are ordered; lists pertinent patient information and any special requirements for the test ordered

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Sclerotic

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Hardened, or veins that are hardened from repeated blood draws

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stat

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immediately

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thrombotic

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containing blood clots

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tortuous

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twisted

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Apheresis

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The removal of whole blood from a patient or donor; the components of whole blood are separated mechanically. one of the separated portions is withdrawn, and the remaining components are transfused back into the patient donor

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autologous

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"Self"; in blood transfusion and transplantation, it means that the donor and recipient are the same person

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blood bank

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a place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stores and prepared for transfusion to recipients

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blood culture

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a laboratory test used to check for bacteria or other microorganisms in a blood sample

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blood smear

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a blood test performs on slides that gives information about the number and shape of blood cells

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dermal puncture

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also known as shin puncture; a procedure in which a finger or heel is lanced to obtain a small quantity of blood for testing; also called capillary draw

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EDTA

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ethylenediamineetraacetic acid; used as an anticoagulant to keep blood specimens from clotting

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Galactosemia

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An Inherited disorder in which the body is unable to tolerate any form of milk, as well as other foods containing galactose

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hematocrit

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the proportion of the blood that consists of packaged red blood cells, expressed as a percentage by volume; the hematocrit test measures the percentage of hematocrit in the blood

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Iatrogenic anemia

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A type of anemia that results from multiple phlebotomies; it is especially common in geriatric, or underweight patients

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Peripheral blood smears

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Also called blood films; they consist of a thin layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide and then stained to allow microscopic examination

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Phenylketonuria

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PKU- a metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the hepatic enzyme.

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therapeutic phlebotomy

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prescribed as treatment for patients with polycythemia vera (high red blood cells count) or hemochromatosis( high iron count)

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Biohazard

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Anything that is a risk to organisms

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Catheter

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a hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel or cavity of the body to withdraw fluid

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chain of custody

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the chronological documentation(paper trail) showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition

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chemical reagent strip testing

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a method of urinalysis involving the use of plastic strips to which chemically specific reagent pads are affixed

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clean catch midstream specimen

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a method of urine collection that may be ordered to diagnose urinary tract infections or to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy

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Continuity of care document (CCD)

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A document that conforms to a standard accepted format for electronically transmitting/Sharing patient information securely and in a format that is easy to read and share among provider locations

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Enteric

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pertaining to the intestines

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meaningful use

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A federal incentive program sponsored by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) that encourages physicians and hospitals to adopt health information technology solutions.

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Occult blood

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Blood that comes from a source that cannot be immediately determined, such as peptic ulcer

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point of care

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At or near the site of patient care

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Quality control

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A method of repeated assay of known standard materials and monitoring reaction parameters to ensure precision and accuracy

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Random specimen

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A single urine specimen taken at any time

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Reagents

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Chemical substances known to react in specific

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Reference Laboratory

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A laboratory that is outside a patient care facility

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semen

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the thick, whitish secretion of the male reproductive organs discharged from the urethra during ejaculation

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sputum

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material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth

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stool

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also feces; waste or excrement from the digestive tract that is formed in the intestine and expelled through the rectum

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Suprapubic

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Pertaining to a location above the symphysis pubis, which is the slightly movable interpubic joint of the pelvis, consisting of two pubic bones separated by a disk of fibrocartilage and connected by two ligaments

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Timed Specimen

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Collected over a predetermined time period to obtain more specific information; such specimens are sometimes collected 2hr after a meal to test for diabetes

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Urine

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The fluid secreted by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, stores in the bladder, and voided through the urethra

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Sharps Container

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Must be leak and puncture proof; easy to identify; display a biohazard label; be stable to prevent slipping during use

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Bloodborne Pathogens Standards

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An OSHA-mandated set of requirements concerning protection against pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted via human blood and cause disease in humans

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)

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A basic emergency procedure for life support is used in cases of cardiac arrest to establish effective circulation and ventilation in order prevent irreversible cerebral damage resulting from

anoxia

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Decontamination

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The process of removing foreign material such as blood, body fluids, or radioactivity; it does not eliminate micro-organisms but is a necessary step preceding disinfection or sterilization

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Defibrillator

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A device that delivers an electrical shock at a preset voltage to the myocardium; used for restoring the normal cardiac rhythm and rate when the heart has stopped beating, or is fibrillating

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Recovery position

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One series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three-quarters prone position of the body, into which an unconscious, but breathing, casualty can be placed as part of first aid treatment

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Covered entities

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Those that comply with HIPAA and provide health care services regularly, including health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who transmit any health information in electronic form

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CLSI and Joint Commission

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Establish operational standards

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Hepatitis B

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The most common occurring laboratory acquired infection

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Medial Cubital vein

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First choice, may not be visible but can be found by palpating

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Cephalic vein

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second choice; lies in the antecubital fossa on the lateral aspect of the forearm

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Brachial vein

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Last choice; runs very close to the brachial nerve. Be careful nerve and vein may cross each other.

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complications

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excessive bleeding, severe pain, lack of sensation, excessive bruising, infection, patient feels unwell

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Positive Identifying patient

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Ask the patient to state and spell full name

Date of birth

ask for last four digits of Social or ID

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Alter the patient's ability to understand

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Age, medical or mental condition

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Equipment Used for the evacuated system

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Gloves

Alcohol

Gauze pads

Tape or adhesive bandage

tourniquet

needles 21- to 23 gauge

Hub or needle holder

Evacuated blood collection tubes, pediatric tubes

winged infusion set

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What angle to insert needle

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15-30 degree angle

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Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute order of draw for VENIPUNCTURE

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(light)Yellow has SPS, (light) Blue has sodium

citrate, red( gold, tiger) has serum clot activator, green has heparin, lavender or purple EDTA, gray has sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate

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CLSI order of draw for Capillary/Dermal

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Blood gas collection; purple, lavender, pink or pearl with EDTA

green; heparin

Any other additive specimens

Serum: red or gold caps no additives or clot

activator

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Sodium citrate

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light blue tubes and used for clotting tests because it performs the best at preserving the

coagulation factors

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EDTA

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Found in the lavender or pink tubes and used for most hematology tests because it helps preserve the shape of cells and reduces platelet clumping

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Heparin

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Green tubes and used for most chemistry test because it prevents blood clots from causing falsely elevated results, especially in potassium tests

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Potassium oxalate

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Found in grey tubes and used for testing sugar levels because it helps to preserve glucose along with sodium chloride

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Inverting tubes

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yellow- 8 to 10 inversion

blue: 3 to 4 inversion

serum red: 5 inversions

green: 8 to 10 inversion

lavender: 8 to 10 inversion

gray: 8 to 10 inversion