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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two circulations of the Heart ? |
Pulmonary and Systemic |
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The pulmonary circulation carries _____? |
Deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood from the lungs. |
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What kind of valve is the tricuspid valve? |
atrioventricle |
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Order of draw CLSI guidelines |
Yellow top/culture bottles- blood culture tubes or vials
Light blue top - sodium citrate
red top/ SST gray red - serum tube
Green tops - Heparin tube
Lavender - EDTA Pink- EDTA White or royal blue- EDTA
Gray top- glycolytic inhibitor
Dark blue - fibrin degradable product |
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What does potassium oxalate do |
Additive that Binds calcium |
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What does sodium fluoride do |
Inhibits glycolysis |
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What does sodium citrate do |
Binds calcium |
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What does EDTA do |
Binds calcium |
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What does lithium heparin do |
Inhibits prothrombin to thrombin |
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No additive does what to blood |
Clot forms naturally |
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What do glass particles/ silica do |
Promotes clotting |
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What does ammonium/ heparin do |
Inhibits prothrombin to thrombin |
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Number of inversions for each color tube (in order of draw) |
Yellow top/ culture bottles - none Light blue (sodium citrate)- 3 to 4 Red top/ SST (serum tube)- 5 Green top (heparin)- 8 to 10 Lavender (EDTA) - 8 to 10 Gray top (glycolytic inhibitor)- 8 to 10 |
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The body contains how many L of blood |
6 L |
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What percentage of blood is formed elements |
45 percent |
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For blood collection, what rate is the centrifuge |
2500 g for 15 mins |
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For plasma and whole blood, what rate is the centrifuge |
2500g for 10 mins |
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What is the most common vein to use for blood draw |
Median cubital/ anticubital |
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Location of basilic veins |
Inner of arm, side of pinky near ulnar artery |
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Location of cephalic vein |
Outer of arm, thumb side near radial artery |
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Expired evacuated tubes may cause |
Incomplete filling of the tube |
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What anticoagulant is found in a GREEN top tube |
Sodium citrate |
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Correct procedure to stop bleeding from venipuncture site |
Place gauze pad and hold for 5 to 15 mins |
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Hemoconcentration of a specimen can be avoided by |
Removing the tourniquet within 1 min |
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The anticoagulant heparin is used for what color top tube |
Green |
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What is the most crucial part of culture blood collection |
Skin asepsis of the collection site |
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To prevent glycolysis, which additive is used |
Sodium fluoride |
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What abnormal color will be observed in serum collected from a pt with jaundice due to elevated bilirubin levels |
Yellow |
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Why is the first drop of blood wiped away from a capillary stick |
The 1st drop has more tissue fluid/ to reduce interstitial fluid contamination |
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Blood smears made from EDTA specimens (lavender, pink, white or royal blue) must be prepared |
Within 1 hour of collection |
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Blood smear is performed for an LAP( leukocyte alkaline phosphate) what is the correct procedure |
Perform skin puncture Wipe away first drop of blood Then touch slide to second drop of blood |
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Recommended site for infant blood collection |
Medial plantar surface of the heel to prevent bone damage |
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Alcohol should be completely dried prior to skin puncture to |
Prevent lysis of red blood cells |
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The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood specimen is |
The plasma |
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What does anticoagulant mean |
Prevents Clotting |
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Prior to bandaging a puncture site, a phlebotomist should |
Examine site for bleeding |
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What color tube top is used for serum collection |
Red top |
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Heparin prevents clotting by |
Inactivating thrombin |
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What lab test includes blood sample placed in the anticoagulant sodium citrate which inhibits glycolysis |
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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If blood flows then stops in the tube what is the cause |
Bevel of needle is resting against the vein wall |
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If additive contamination occurs from an EDTA tube, what test could be affected |
Potassium level |
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A postprandial specimen is collected |
Directly after a meal is consumed |
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Proper sequence of order of draw |
Serum, heparin, EDTA |
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What substance has a higher concentration in capillary blood than venous blood |
Glucose |
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If serum is left on blood clot for more than 1 hr, what will occur |
Serum glucose levels decrease |
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Glucose test are in what color top tube |
Gray |
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What condition could cause hemoconcentration |
Dehydration |
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What color evacuated tube would be used for coagulation testing |
Light blue |
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What color top tube is used for hematological testing |
Lavender |
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What antiseptic is used for collection of blood culture (yellow tops) tests |
Chlorhexidine gluconate |
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What is most important for collection of sputum test AFB acid fast bacillus |
A minimum of 3-5mL of sputum is required for testing |
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Leaving tubes with blood on a rack without mixing will cause |
Clotting |
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Forcing syringe drawn specimens into evacuated tubes may cause |
Hemolysis |
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Chemical and microscopic changes that invalidate the results obtained from a urine specimen if urine is kept at room temp for what period of time |
1 hour |
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What type of specimen is requested for an O&P ova and parasite |
Fecal |
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What tests need to be protected from exposure to light |
Beta- carotene, vit A, vit b6, vit b12, bilirubin total or direct, porphyrins, thioridazine (mellaril) |
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What is a POCT test used to diagnose problems with hemostasis |
Bleeding time |
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Normal cerebral spinal fluid specimen should appear |
Clear and colorless |
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What is one of the first signs of liver disease |
Bilirubinuria |
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What preservative allows urine to be stored at room temp while still providing results compared to refrigerated urine |
Boric acid |
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How long will it take a specimen to completely clot |
30 mins at room temp |
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A serum or plasma specimen from a pt with severe lipemia would appear |
Milky |
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Autologous donation means |
Donating your own blood for your own use |
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During venipuncture a hematoma may result from what |
Needle bevel is partically inserted into a vein |
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Blood specimens that need to be shipped to what standards |
FAA- federal aviation administration and DOT- drug and alcohol testing program |
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A major advantage of POCT is |
Faster TAT |
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A sweat sample collected by forearm stimulation with the use of pilocarpine nitrate is a process called |
Iontophoresis |
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What term is used for testing that requires transferring one specimen into other tubes |
Aliquot |
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What is a major effect of chemotherapy to blood tests |
Decrease in blood cells, especially WBCs |
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Protime and aPTT analysis are conducted in what department |
Coagulation |
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A physician must be contacted prior to obtaining a blood specimen from who |
A prior mastectomy pt |
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A term for the ability to identify with and understand another person's feelings |
Empathy |
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Serum should be separated from blood cells as quickly as possible to avoid |
Hemolysis |
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Scenario: a phlebotomist enters a pts room to draw blood and a member of the clergy is visiting the pt. What should you do |
Draw another pts blood and check back later to see if they are available |
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Test status that take priority when considering collection time |
Medical emergency |
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When collecting urine drug screens, according to the National Institute on drug abuse, the phlebotomist must |
Explain the test purpose and procedure |
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A device that answers calls and separates requests into categories so you can answer them efficiently |
Automated menu |
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Some fax machines use thermal paper which |
Reacts to heat and electricity |
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What item would not be located on the lab request form |
Amount of blood obtained |
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What does an expiration date of 12.05.11 mean |
Indicates tubes may be used through 12.05.11 |
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What is not a common biohazard exposure route |
Hand sanitizer |
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In order to avoid electrical hazards or injury you should |
Do not use electrical cords |
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A voluntary nongovernmental agency charged with establishing standards for the operation of hospitals is |
The joint commission |
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Blood specimens should be drawn according to what standards |
clsi clinical and laboratory standards institute |
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A healthcare professional that stops care without providing an equally qualified substitute can be charged with |
Abandonment |
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Document where a pt names someone to make decisions regarding medical care |
Durable power of attorney |
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What info on a specimen label is not optional |
Time specimen was collected |
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National patient and safety goals are developed and maintained by |
The joint commission |
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Which of the following is sufficient proof that deviation from a standard of care has occured |
Documentation |
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A physician is said to have been _ if a pt shows that the physician failed to comply with the standards of the profession |
Derelict |
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If a phlebotomist fails to exercise the level of care expected of any reasonable phlebotomist, they are considered |
Negligence |
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When a physician is terminating the care of a pt, they are |
Withdrawing from the case |
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If a pt feels threatened by a phlebotomist, he or she may bring suit under civil law for |
Assault |
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Vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
Arteries |
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The CDC implemented 2 levels of precaution to prevent healthcare acquired infections. The first is |
Standard- specified precautions to use in caring for all pts regardless of diagnosis or infection status |
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The liver and pancreas are a part of what system |
Digestive system |
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RBC, WBC and platelets are known as |
Formed elements |
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The liquid portion of blood is |
Plasma |
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Granular leukocytes that produce the chemical histamine |
Basophils |
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Anticoagulants prevent |
Blood clotting |
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Vessels that carry blood to the heart |
Veins |
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What is a critically affected analyte in a hemolyzed specimen |
Potassium |
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If a reticulocyte count is ordered, what department would it go to |
Hematology |
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Which of the following sections is found in the anatomical pathology section of the clinical lab |
Cytology |
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What is the nations largest network of institutional healthcare |
American hospital association |
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The processed info or data separated by a computer to be recieved by the user |
Output |
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How long can HBV live outside the host |
Found to be stable in dry blood and blood products for up to 7 days |
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With adequate fluid intake, the average adult urine output is |
1250mL per 24 hrs |
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A civil wrong committed against a person or property that causes physical damage or injury, or that deprived someone of personal liberty or freedom is |
A tort |
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Cardiac muscle is stimulated by what type of nervous system |
Autonomic |
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PSA |
Prostate specific antigen |
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Plasma is what percentage of water |
90% |
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Regulation of body heat occurs in |
Muscular system |
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Blood vessels are lined with the same cells as the hearts |
Endocardium |
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What system maintains balance between water, salts and acids |
Urinary system |
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What does the pulmonary circulation refer to as |
blood flow to the lungs and back to the heart |
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The majority of co2 is transported through the circulatory system from tissue cells to the lungs as |
Bicarbonate ions |
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Which is a protein that contains ions and the main component of erythrocyte |
Hemoglobin |
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Most used needle gauges |
22 or 20 - 22 for infants |
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Methods of stimulating veins |
Arm below heart Reapply tourniquet Massage arm from wrist to elbow Palpate at venipuncture site Use BP cuff Warm site Have pt make fist |
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Test the ability of the blood to clot |
Prothrombin time PTT |
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Gray top tubes |
Contain additives and anticoagulants for gtt, fasting blood sugar Tube is inverted 8 times |
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What determines if adequate fibrinogen is present for normal coagulation |
Thrombin time TT, light blue top |
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Green tube tops |
Chemistry tests- ammonia, carbonihemoglobin and electrolytes |
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Lavendar tube top |
Contains EDTA to inhibit coagulation by binding calcium to specimen |
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Lab test to detect presence of antibodies, antigens or immune substances |
Serology |
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Light blue tube Coagulation studies include |
PT, TT, BT, FDP, PTT |
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Yellow culture bottles |
Spa cultured for microorganisms |
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What measures time required for bleeding cessation after standard capillary puncture |
Bleeding time |
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Radiography image of blood vessels |
Angiography |
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Common tests for lavender top tube |
CBC, RBC, WBC, Platelets, hematocrit, ESR, sickle cell, hemoglobin |
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Tube are color coded according to |
The type of chemicals or preservatives within the container |
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What is an FDP blood test (light blue test) |
Fibrin degradation products (FDP) are substances that remain in your bloodstream after your body dissolves a blood clot. |
