Phlebotomy Chp 7

Front 1

Circulatory system

Back 1

The circulatory system is a system of closed tubes.

Front 2

Circulation occur in 2 large loops:

Back 2

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Front 3

Pulmonary circulation

Back 3

Carrie's blood between the heart and the lungs for gas exchange.

Front 4

Systemic circulation

Back 4

Carrie's blood between the heart and the rest of the body's tissue. In both cases, Arteries carry blood forn the heart to capillary beds where exchange occurs. Veins return blood to the heart.

Front 5

Heart

Back 5

The heart is a muscular double pump whose contraction push blood trhrough the circulatory system, it is located to the left of the Sternum between the lungs.

Front 6

The heart is surrounded by a thin membranous sac called?

Back 6

The pericardium which supports and lubricates the heart during contraction.

Front 7

Myocardium

Back 7

Is composed of cardiac muscle whose cells make extensive contact with adjacent cells to allow electrical activity to spread easily form one cell to the next.

Front 8

The endocardium?

Back 8

The innermost layer, is made up of endothelial cells. Modified epithelium that is continuous with endothelium lining in the blood vessels that enter and exit the hearts chamber.

Front 9

What carries blood away from the heart?

Back 9

Arteries

Front 10

What carries blood to the heart?

Back 10

Veins

Front 11

Aneurysm

Back 11

A bulge in a vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakening of the wall or hypertension; without surgical correction, aneurysms may burst.

Front 12

Accumulation of fatty deposits on the tunics intimate of arteries, causing thickening and toughening of the arterial wall; loss of elasticity increases strainbon the artery and may lead to myocardial infarction or stroke

Back 12

Arteriosclerosis

Front 13

A loss of blood to the brain as a result of either hemorrhage or more commonly, block circulation

Back 13

Stroke

Front 14

Inadequate heart output, leading to edema of the peripheral tissues

Back 14

Congestive heart failure

Front 15

Any type of degenerative change in the coronary arteries including coronary atherosclerosis

Back 15

Coronary artery disease

Front 16

Death of heart muscle cells as a result of an interruption in supply; also known as a heart attack.

Back 16

MI

Front 17

Formed elements

Back 17

The form elements constitute 46% of blood volume. Of these 99% are red blood cells with white blood cells and platelets making of the rest.

Front 18

RBC carry?

Back 18

Hemoglobin, the iron containing oxygen transport protein gives blood its red color. There are 5 million rbcs in a micro liter of whole blood.

Front 19

How long does a RBC remains in peripheral circulation?

Back 19

About 120 days before being removed by the liver, bone marrow or spleen.

Front 20

Wbc[ leukocytes]

Back 20

Protect the body against infection.

Front 21

Eosinophils

Back 21

Are also phagocytic, their target are parasites and antibody. Their number increase in the presence of allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections.

Front 22

Eosinophils

Back 22

Are a kind of WBC that help fight disease it represents 1 % to 3% of all circulating leukocytes.

Front 23

Lymphocytes make up

Back 23

20% to 40% of all circulating leukocytes but this is a small fraction of their total number of which resides in lymph nodes.

Front 24

Platelets are created?

Back 24

In the bone marrow from megakaryocytes.

Front 25

(Platelets) every 1L of blood contains approximately?

Back 25

200, 000 platelets, each I'd which remains in the circulation for 9 to 12 days.

Front 26

Hemostasis refers to?

Back 26

The process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury.

Front 27

Vascular phase?

Back 27

Rupture of a vein or artery causes and immediate Vascular Spasm, or contraction of the smooth muscle lining the vessel.

Front 28

Platelet Phase

Back 28

Exposure of materials beneath the endothelial lining cause platelets to stick to endothelial cells most immediately.

Front 29

Coagulation Phase

Back 29

Coagulation involves a complex and highly regulated cascade of enzymes.

Front 30

Fibrinolysis.

Back 30

As the would is closed and tissue repair commences, fibrin itself is broken down slowly. A process called fibrinolysis.

Front 31

HEMOPHILIA

Back 31

group of inherited disorders marked by deficient clotting Factor production and increased bleeding; the most come on is hemophilia A deficiency the in clotting then factor VIII

Front 32

Thrombocytopenia

Back 32

Decreased number of platelets.

Test CBC

Front 33

THROMBOSIS or Deep Vein thrombosis (dvt)

Back 33

Localize activation of the clotting system call thrombophlebitis in veins; and enbolus is a piece of cloth that has broken off and entered the circulation.

Test protein C, protein S

Front 34

Anemia

Back 34

Decrease in number of RBCs or amount of hemoglobin in the blood

Front 35

Polycythemia

Back 35

Increase in total number of blood cells, especially RBCs; treated with therapeutic phlebotomy.

Front 36

HIV infection

Back 36

T cell count

Front 37

LEUKEMIA

Back 37

Malignant neoplasm in the bone marrow, causing increased production of WBCs

Front 38

Lymhedema?

Back 38

Is an accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissue as a result of a blocked lymphatic edema..

Front 39

ELEPHANTIASIS?

Back 39

Is a severe form of lymphedema caused by a mosquito borne parasite that colonized the lymphatic vessels.

Front 40

Lymphoma

Back 40

Is a tumor of a lymph gland. Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma.

Front 41

Nonspecific Immunity

Back 41

Nonspecific Immunity refers to defense against infectious agents independent of the specific chemical markers on their surfaces.

Front 42

AUTOIMMUNITY

Back 42

Is an attack by the immune system on the body's own tissues