Phl 101 - Exam 1

Front 1

Critical Thinking

Back 1

________ is carefully weighing arguments for and against a claim before judging if it is reasonable to accept the claim as true.

Front 2

Logic

Back 2

________ is the study of methods to analyze arguments and to evaluate if they are good or bad

Front 3

Argument

Back 3

Whenever an assertion is made and evidence is given to support the assertion, you have an ________.

Front 4

Deductive; Inductive;

Back 4

The 2 main kinds of arguments are ________ arguments and ________ arguments.

Front 5

Argument

Back 5

A(n) ________ is a set of statements where some of the statements, called premises, are intended to support another, called the conclusion.

Front 6

Statement

Back 6

A(n) ________ is a declarative statement that is either true or false.

Front 7

Deductive

Back 7

A(n) ________ argument is one in which the premises are intended to guarantee the conclusion.

Front 8

Inductive

Back 8

A (n)________ argument is one in which the premises are intended to make the conclusion probable without guaranteeing it.

Front 9

Valid

Back 9

A(n) ________ argument is one in which it is necessary that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.

Front 10

Invalid

Back 10

A(n) ________ argument is one in which it is not necessary that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true.

Front 11

Sound

Back 11

A(n) ________ argument is one that is valid and has all true premises.

Front 12

Unsound

Back 12

A(n) _________ argument is one that is either invalid or has at least one false premise.

Front 13

Premise

Back 13

A(n) ________ is a statement intended to support the conclusion.

Front 14

Conclusion

Back 14

A(n) ________ is a statement that is claimed to be true by using the premises.

Front 15

Deductive

Back 15

The terms valid, invalid, sound, and unsound have to do with ________ reasoning.

Front 16

Inductive

Back 16

The terms strong, weak, cogent, and uncogent have to do with ________ reasoning.

Front 17

Strong

Back 17

As to inductive arguments: If the premises of an argument make it probable (>50%) that the conclusion is true, then it is ________.

Front 18

Weak

Back 18

As to inductive arguments: If the premises of an argument do not make it probable (>50%) that the conclusion is true, then it is ________.

Front 19

Cogent

Back 19

If an argument is strong and has all true premises, then it is considered ________.

Front 20

Uncogent

Back 20

If an argument is weak or has at least one false premise, then it is considered ________.

Front 21

Report

Back 21

A set of statements intended to provide information about a situation, topic, or event is called a(n) ________.

Front 22

Illustration

Back 22

A statement together with an explanatory or clarifying example is called a(n) ________.

Front 23

Explanation

Back 23

A set of statements that provides reason for the occurrence of some phenomenon is called a(n) ________.

Front 24

Conditional

Back 24

An "If, Then" statement is called a(n) ________.

Front 25

Substitution Instance

Back 25

A(n) ________, in terms of famous forms, is when you can alter the premises and conclusion of an argument without changing its form or its truth.

Front 26

Antecedent; Consequent;

Back 26

Consider: "If A, Then B." The 'A' term is described as the ________, while the 'B' term is described as the ________.

Front 27

Then

Back 27

When translating conditionals, in terms of stylistic variants, "only if" translates to "________".

Front 28

Modus Ponens; Valid;

Back 28

Argument Forms:
If A, then B. A. So, B.
Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 29

Affirming the Consequent; Invalid;

Back 29

Argument Forms:

If A, then B. B. So, B.

Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 30

Modus Tollens; Valid;

Back 30

Argument Forms:

If A, then B. Not B. So, Not A.

Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 31

Denying the Antecedent; Invalid;

Back 31

Argument Forms:

If A, then B. Not A. So, Not B.

Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 32

Hypothetical Syllogism; Valid;

Back 32

Argument Forms:

If A, then B. If B, then C. So, If A, then C.

Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 33

Disjunctive Syllogism; Valid;

Back 33

Argument Forms:

Either A or B. Not A. So, B.

Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 34

Unnamed; Invalid; (Could be both)

Back 34

Argument Forms:

Either A or B. A. So, Not B.

Name: ________

Validity: ________

Front 35

Constructive Dilemma; Valid;

Back 35

Argument Forms:

Either A or B. If A, then C. If B, then D. So, Either C or D.

Name: ________

Validity: ________