Philosophy Test 3

Front 1

skepticism

Back 1

an attitude of doubt or questioning (descartes)

Front 2

innate ideas

Back 2

ideas that are present in the mind from birth (descartes couldnt produce the idea of a perfect being so God must exist)

Front 3

Locke

Back 3

first to launch a systematic attack on rationalist belief that reason alone could provide us with knowledge. compared the mind to a "blank slate" (tabula rosa). gain knowledge through experience. argued there were no ideas that all humans share so there could be no innate ideas. said objects have both primary and secondary qualities (secondary qualities are imposed on those objects by us through our experiences) we know the objective world through sensory experience, which is a copy of reality

Front 4

primary qualities

Back 4

measurable qualities such as weight, size, and shape are really "in" the objects we perceive

Front 5

secondary qualities

Back 5

things you sense are not "in" the objects we perceive but are sensations in us that the objects cause us to have

Front 6

berkeley

Back 6

accepted locke's views on sense experience but denied that there can be any material objects outside of us that our experiences copy. both both primary and secondary qualities are sensations in us and nothing really exists. what we see is from our minds. "to be is to be perceived" (esse es percipt) God created order and regulation so God exists. created subjectivism, critics say he should reject that God exists outside the mind or accept that God exists along with everything else, that all objects arent created in our minds. all we ever know is our own ideas

Front 7

2 main views on the source of knowledge

Back 7

rationalism and empiricism

Front 8

rationalism

Back 8

belief that knowledge can be obtained by relying on reason without the aid of the senses (descartes, rationalists, plato, aristotle, shan kara)

Front 9

empiricism

Back 9

view that knowledge can be obtained only through sense experience (locke, berkeley, hume)

Front 10

perception

Back 10

becoming aware of objects through the 5 senses

Front 11

apriori

Back 11

knowledge that is known independently of sense perception and is true and improbable, associated with rationalism

Front 12

descartes

Back 12

skepticism, rationalism. wanted to find an absolute truth. said his awareness had to go through diff mediums to get to a certain point. "i think, therefore i am" as long as he's aware of himself he exists. since we think, we exist, and so does God and the world. all could be proved through reason alone

Front 13

shan kara

Back 13

indian philosopher, rationalist. founded school of philosophy "Brahman (ultimate reality) is real, the world is false, and the self is not different from the brahman" sublation

Front 14

solipsism

Back 14

only I exist and anything else is just a creation of my mind, an extreme of subjectivism

Front 15

hume

Back 15

all ideas are in our mind, he called them "impressions" he said knowledge is derived from sense impressions, not just from a sense. distinguished between 2 forms of perception: impressions and ideas. no logical basis for saying things outside us exist. denied rationalism and empericism, became skeptic. said reality is never truely knowable

Front 16

causality

Back 16

when an object causes another object to do something there is a real connection, a force with which the cause causes the reaction (the relationship between two events in which one causes the other)

Front 17

transcendal idealism

Back 17

kant, both reason and sense contribute to our knowledge of the world, alternative to empiricism and rationalism. the senses are the source of the sensations that the mind arranges into the world we experience, whereas the way those sensations are arranged comes from the mind

Front 18

subjectivism

Back 18

similiar to solopisism

Front 19

phenomenal

Back 19

the world that our minds construct and appears to be around us

Front 20

noumenal

Back 20

the world as it might be in itself, apart from our minds

Front 21

copy theory

Back 21

a true idea copies its reality (what is there is what you see)

Front 22

impressions

Back 22

an actual action in our mind (love, hate, see, hear)

Front 23

ideas

Back 23

reflections on sensations, thinking about a sense but not actually feeling it

Front 24

kant

Back 24

the mind uses the senses to create a relationship with that object in order to create your knowledge of that object, created transcendal idealism to demonstrate knowledge of reality is possible. said knowledge of reality is bases on sensory experience but also has innate capacities to order that sensory experience and arrive at knowledge

Front 25

a posterioi

Back 25

knowledge of reality is from sensory experiences, empiricism

Front 26

tabula rosa

Back 26

mind is a blank slate at birth

Front 27

sublation

Back 27

correcting an error about reality when it is contradicted by a more correct understanding of reality. ex. a mirage of water in the desert) so our senses can trick us so reality isnt determined by sense experience