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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Knowledge |
Body of facts accumulated by humanity; distinguished from opinion - opinions are unsupported claims, while knowledge contains claims that are demonstrated to be logically sound and valid as either highly probable claims or as absolute claims. |
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Probable |
Containing sombre degree of doubt; probable conclusions enable us to evaluate the degree of probability. |
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Facts |
Originally, a deed 2. A thing that actually happened or is true; state of things as they are; reality; truth. |
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Truth |
Originally, loyalty 2. Conformity with fact; reality, actual existence. |
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Reality |
Originally linked to royalty (realis) 2. That which is 3. The state of our universe and life within it. |
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Philosophy |
(g. Love of wisdom) the oldest field of study; all fields of study originated in philosophical inquiry. Philosophy is the search for knowledge and understanding of reality and human experience. |
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Rationalism |
The view that all knowledge is based in pure, universal rational principles, prior to experience A PRIORI: Latin term meaning prior to, or without, experience. |
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Empiricism |
The view that all knowledge comes from experience, after experience a posteriori: Latin term meaning after experience. |
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Principles |
Rules |
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Argue |
(1. Arguere, to clarify or prove) to logically demonstrate a thesis, hypothesis or claim of truth. Argumentation in philosophy is evaluated by the information (meaning, or semantics), the structure (the form or syntax), the method and, indirectly, the style. |
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(Faculty of) Reason |
Humanity's ability to form and operate on concepts in abstraction; connected to the concept of language. Logos, Greek for word and root of our words logic and language. Logos is translated into Latin as ratio, becoming raison in French from which our English word reasons is derived. |
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Abstract concepts |
Ideas that are not necessarily physical; for example, love, justice, and even the idea of a cat - I do not need to have a cat in the room in order to convey the meaning of "cat" - I can, instead, evoke the idea of cat in your mind. |
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Necessarily/ necessary |
In philosophy, when we use the words "necessarily" or "necessary, " we are expressing a logical tie between two ideas that is absolute. For example: all dogs are necessarily mammals. |
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Thoughts |
1. The power of reasoning; intellect; imagination. 2. Concepts, ideas, opinions. 3. Abstraction from the physical (turning experience into ideas). 4. Pure abstraction (Ideas with no physical counterpart) |
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Reason/ to think rationality |
To infer additional ideas (To draw conclusions), based on accepted or known ideas. For example: I see that you are frowning, therefore, i infer that you are unhappy. |
