Philosophy Final Test

Front 1

What is the "core idea"?

Back 1

• This core idea of what and who you are affects and shapes your relationships with other people.

• This core idea will affect the way you see your universe.

Front 2

What is Psychological egoism?

Back 2

Its the view that we are always motivated by self-interest, even in seeming acts of altruism.

Front 3

Rings of Gyges (concept of selfishness?)

Back 3

Take away the fear of punishment and the “just” and the “unjust” person will both behave in the same way: Unjustly and Immorally.

Front 4

Example of Critiquing Existentialism

Back 4

How free are we to create our own nature?

Front 5

What is Consequentialism

Back 5

The position that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences.

Front 6

What are the two Types of Consequential Ethics?

Back 6

Egoism AND Hedonism

Front 7

What are the two types of Utilitarianism?

Back 7

Act Utilitarianism AND Rule Utilitarianism.

Front 8

What is Utilitarianism?

Back 8

The theory that we should act in such a way that our actions produce the greatest happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people.

Front 9

What is Utilitarianism is said to be…?

Back 9

A Theory of the 'Good' and the 'Right.'

Front 10

What is rule utilitarianism?

Back 10

states that the best act is the one that would be enjoined by whichever rule would yield the most utility.

Front 11

Rule Utilitarianism uses the utilitarian principle to?

Back 11

To judge moral rules, not individual actions.

Front 12

What are the "bad" examples of Act Utilitarianism?

Back 12

Then every affair would be "o.k."

Killing a healthy patient to save 6 would be o.k.

Front 13

What is Nonconsequentialist Theories?

Back 13

The morality of an action depends on factors other than consequences.

Front 14

What are the two of Nonconsequetialists Theories?

Back 14

Divine Command Theory AND Categorical Imperative Theory

Front 15

What is Divine Command Theory?

Back 15

• Whatever the situation, if we do what God wills, then we do the right thing; if we do not do what God wills, then, no matter what the consequences, we do wrong.

Front 16

What is the answer to the question of "Critique of Divine Command Theory"
"• Which Holy Text?
• Which God?
• Which Moral Divine Command is God’s real commands opposed to the “false” texts that exist.
• Which texts were truly Divine Revelation?"

Back 16

All of the above

Front 17

Thomas Aquinas and Natural Law?

Back 17

Natural law refers to moral guidelines or rules that stipulate what people ought to do rather than what they in fact do, and that the guidelines apply equally to all humanity because they are rooted in human nature itself.

Front 18

Morality was instilled in us A-priori, by God. T of F?

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

What does Kant’s moral theory centers around?

Back 19

the categorical imperative.

Front 20

How does Kant see Autonomy?

Back 20

For Kant, morality presupposes autonomy.

Front 21

How does Nietzsche see Autonomy?

Back 21

Nietzsche would state that autonomy presupposes morality.

Front 22

What does Nietzsche have to say about Morality?

Back 22

Nietzsche would say that morality is just a made up invention from the weaklings of society to protect themselves from the more powerful.

Front 23

What does Nietzsche have to say about Truth?

Back 23

Our truths, metaphysical and moral, are but a reflections of our own biases and commitments.

Front 24

Who said "There is nothing either good or bad, (But thinking makes it so”)

() = fill in the blank

Back 24

William Shakespeare

Front 25

What is the answer to "Sources of Morality"

• Parents
• Friends
• Teachers
• Movies
• Music
• Church, synagogue, mosque, temple

Back 25

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Front 26

Define Cultural relativism

Back 26

Cultural relativism holds that different cultures have different moralities and that what one culture believes is wrong, another culture may believe is right.

Front 27

Define categorical imperative and who is related to categorical imperative?

Back 27

to act out of respect for the law.

Immanuel Kant.

Front 28

What is the answer which has "Cultural" in it?

Back 28

Relativism

Front 29

What does human nature influence?

Back 29

Your views about human nature also influence your relationship to the universe.

Front 30

Humans, you may believe, are free to make of themselves whatever they choose. T or F?

Back 30

TRUE

Front 31

What is The basic human principle?

Back 31

selfishness

Front 32

What is Psychological egoism?

Back 32

the view that we are always motivated by self-interest, even in seeming acts of altruism.

Front 33

What is the raditional Western View?

Back 33

The view that holds that a human being has an enduring spiritual self that is rational, purposive, and separate from the body.

Front 34

Define: Traditional Western Rationalist View

Back 34

The ability to reason is our defining characteristic.

Front 35

Define: Traditional Western Religious View

Back 35

According to this view, humans are made in the image of God.

Front 36

What are the 3 Challenges of the Traditional Western View?

Back 36

Feminist Challenge

Existentialist Challenge

Evolutionary Challenge

Front 37

What is the answer to The Feminist Challenge

The traditional picture of human nature is inherently sexist—that is, it discriminates against women.

Back 37

All of the above

Front 38

What does the Feminist Challenge say about man and woman?

Back 38

REASON is male and must rule, whereas FEELINGS are female and must be ruled.

Front 39

What is the Existentialist Challenge?

Back 39

This view denies any essential human nature; each of us creates our own essence through free action.

"Humans are whatever they make themselves."

Front 40

Example of Critiquing Existentialism

Back 40

How free are we to create our own nature?

Front 41

Who said “Man is absolutely not the crown of creation: every creature stands beside him at the same stage of perfection.”?

Back 41

Friedrich Nietzsche

Front 42

What is the answer to the question with "Desire" in it?

Back 42

Buddhist

Front 43

Define Nirvana

Back 43

by gradually abandoning all sense of individuality through the Noble Eightfold Path and losing oneself completely in an ineffable state of enlightenment

Front 44

Who said That "we never actually perceive the self."

Back 44

David Hume

Front 45

What do Existentialists claim?

Back 45

that each human creates his or her own nature.

Front 46

What is the definition of Philosophy

Back 46

Love and Wisdom

Front 47

Who said That the unexamined life is not worth living?

Back 47

Socrates

Front 48

Hobbes state of nature?

Back 48

Egoism will be the default philosophy

Front 49

Altruism is a form of?

Back 49

Pathetic self-destruction

Front 50

Who said existence precedes essence?

Back 50

jean paul sartre

Front 51

Define Ethics

Back 51

Study of morality. Ethics is not the same as morality

Front 52

What is the traditional form of Utilitarianism?

Back 52

Act Utilitarianism

Front 53

Define Act Utilitarianism

Back 53

States

Front 54

Utilitarianism is consequentialist?

Back 54

the right act is that which yields the greatest net utility.

Front 55

What is the answer related to "Our goal is liberation, not salvation"

Back 55

Buddhism

Front 56

Socialists are?

Back 56

Community minded

Front 57

Capitalists are?

Back 57

Self interest