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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fallacy
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an argument in which the premises appear to support the conclusion but actually little or no support
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subjective fallacies subjectivism |
using the fact that one believes or wants a proposition to be true as evidence of it's truth
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subjective fallacies appeal to majority |
using the fact that a large number of people believe a proposition to be true as evidence of its truth
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subjective fallacies appeal to emotion (argumentum ad populum) |
trying to get someone to accept a proposition on the basis on basis of an emotion that one enduces. |
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subjective fallacies appeal to force (argumentum ad baculum) |
trying to get someone to accept a proposition on the basis of a threat
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Fallacies of Credibility ad hominem |
using a negative trait of a speaker as evidence that the speaker's statement is false or the argument weak
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Fallacies of Credibility appeal to authority (argumentum ad verecundiam) |
using testimonial evidence for a proposition when the conditions for credibility are not satisfied or when the use of such evidence is inappropriate |
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Fallacies of Context false alternative |
excluding relevant possibilities without justification |
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Fallacies of Context post hoc |
using the fact that one event preceded another as sufficient evidence for the conclusion that the first caused the second
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Fallacies of Context hasty generalization |
inferring a general proposition from an inadequate sample of positive instances
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Fallacies of Context accident |
applying a generalization to a special case in disregard of the qualities or circumstances that make it an exception to the generalization
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Fallacies of Context slippery slope |
arguing against a proposed action or policy by claiming with insufficient evidence, that it will lead to a series of increasingly bad consequences |
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Fallacies of Context composition |
inferring that a whole has a property merely because its parts have that property
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Fallacies of Context division |
inferring that a part has a property merely because the whole has that property
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Fallacies of Logical Structure begging the question (circular argument) |
trying to support a proposition with an argument in which that proposition is a premise
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Fallacies of Logical Structure equivocation |
using a word with two different meanings in the premises and/ or the conclusion of an argument
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Fallacies of Logical Structure appeal to ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantium) |
using the absence of proof for a proposition as evidence for the truth of the opposing proposition |
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Fallacies of Logical Structure diversion |
trying to support one position by arguing for another proposition |
