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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Dualism? |
The idea that there are two realities, one reality of the mind and the reality of matter. |
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Who is Desecrates? |
*Father of Modern Philosophy *created method of systematic doubt * "try to doubt that you are doubting" * "I think therefore I am" |
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What are Descarte's three stages? |
1. Intuition of Mind "I think therefore I am" 2. The Deduction of God 3. The Deduction of matter |
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What is the Problem of the External World? |
We only have access to our ideas, which represents things in the world. |
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What Problem does Decscrates Stage One of create? |
The Problem of The External World |
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What does Descrate's Stage One? |
I cannot doubt that I am thinking therefore I know for certain that I am something that can think |
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What problem does The Problem of the External World Create? |
How can we be sure that our ideas accurately represent the external world, or that the external world even exist. |
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How does Descrates try to overcome The Problem of the External world? |
Introducing Stages Two and Three. |
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What Is Desecrate's Stage Two? |
The Deduction of God |
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What does Desecrates Stage Two claim? |
God exist, and he is perfection |
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What is Descrate's Third stage? |
The Deduction of Matter |
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What does Descrate's Third Stage claim? |
God gives us clear and distinct ideas therefore we can trust those ideas about matter. "God as Guarantor" |
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What is The Problem of Circularity? |
Descrate's Stage 3 (distinct ideas) depends on his Stage 2 (existence of god) and Stage 2 relies on Stage 3 |
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What is the Mind-Body Problem? |
If the mind and body are different how do they interact? |
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What is Descrate's answer for the Mind-Body problem? |
Interactionism: The Pineal gland connects the two |
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What are the names of other solutions for the Mind-Body Problem? |
*Occasionalism *Preestablished Harmony *Double Aspect Theory |
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Did Descrate's actually say "I think therefore I am"? |
No |
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Is Descrate a Dualist? |
Yes |
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What is Metaphysics about? |
What's real |
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What s Epistemology about? |
What we can imagine |
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What is Ryle's criticism towards Desecrate? |
Descrates commits a category mistake. |
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What is a category mistake? |
Treating a concept as if it belonged to one conceptual system when it belongs to another.
(Descrates is using the wrong words to describe what he means) |
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What is Subjective Idealism? |
The theory that all things depend on perception. |
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What are Berkeley's 5 proofs for Subjective Idealism? |
1. Discontinuity of Dualism 2. Matter as a Meaningless Idea 3. The Unexperienced as Inconceivable 4. The Inseparability of Primary and Secondary Qualities 5. The Relativity of All Qualities |
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What is the Cartesian distinction Primary and Secondary qualities? |
Primary: perceiver independent; size, shape, motion, etc. Secondary: perceiver dependent; color, sound, taste, etc. |
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What does Berkeley's "Discontinuity of Dualism" proof state? |
Everything is mental (Kills the mind body problem) |
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What does Berkeley's "Matter as a Meaningless Idea" proof state? |
Matter is an empty concept. (Self explanatory) |
Self Explanatory |
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What does Berkeley's "The Inexperienced as Inconceivable" proof state? |
A. To conceive something is to experience it B. Can't conceive something that doesn't have quality C. Matter has no quality
Therefore Matter is inconceivable |
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What does Berkeley's "The Inseparability of Primary and Secondary Qualities" proof state? |
You can't have a Secondary quality experience without a Primary quality being present. (You can't have a red ball that isn't red) |
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What does Berkeley's "Relativity of All Qualities" proof state? |
Primary and Secondary qualities are both perceiver dependent. (Further confirm Proof four that they are the same) |
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What is Solipsism? |
The theory that only you exist |
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Why does Berkeley reject Solipsism? |
Because Berkeley believes that god exist, and God is an outside external source that, certainly, exist. |
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What is Berkeley's sensationalist view? |
If you can imagine it, it's real. |
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Is Berkeley a dualist? |
No, Berkeley is a Subjective Idealist |
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What is Materialism? |
The idea that matter with it's motions and qualities is ultimate reality |
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How does Materialism defeat the Mind-Body Problem? |
Materialism eliminates the mind, only rue body exist. (The mind is the body) |
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What is Mechanistic Materialism? |
Version of materialism in which the world is a closed system and nature is fixed and predetermined. "Unbreakable chain of cause and effect" |
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What is the problem with Mechanistic Materialism theory? |
Quantum physics proves there is randomness. |
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What is New Materialism? |
Materialism view that allows for randomness, emphasizing Identify Thesis |
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What is Identity thesis? |
Mental states = brain states (The brain is just the brain, your subconscious and conscious are just reactions in your brain) |
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What is the Qualia objection? |
Experiencing something is different from think of it, therefore the mind must be more than just the brain. |
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What is hard behavioralism? |
The thesis that when it comes to human psychology observable behavior is all there is. |
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What is soft behavioralism? |
Thesis that psychologist ought to only study observable behavior. (Weaker version of hard Behaviorlism) |
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Who is a popular Hard Behavioralist? |
B.F. Skinner |
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What are the three themes in Skinner's "Technology of Behavior"? |
1. Denial of free will (determinism) 2. Nature vs. Nurture (environment shapes humans) 3. Mechanistic cause and effect (explanation for human responses) |
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What is determinism? |
Denial of human capacity to do other wise. (No such thing as free will) |
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What are the two objections to determinism? |
1. Moral Responsibility 2. Human Transcendence |
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What does the Moral Responsibility objection to determinism say? |
How can people be held accountable if the don't have the ability to do other wise. |
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What does the Human Transcendence objection to determinism say? |
Is there nothing special about us. |
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What is the determinism response to The Moral Responsibility objection? |
People will still be held responsible because the did I what they desired. |
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What is the determinism response to the Human Transcendence objection? |
Human are special and unique because no one experience is the same and experiences can easily be changed through communication. (Better than animals) |
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Does Materialism mention god? |
No |
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Is Skinner a Idealist? |
No, Skinner is a Behavioralist/Materialist |
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True or False: Idealism is a form of Monism. |
True |
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True or False: If a tree fell in a forest and no one is around a idealist would say it does makes a sound. |
False |
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