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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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469-399 BC
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Socrates
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Born in Classical Greece
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Socrates
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Grew up in Athenian Democracy
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Socrates
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Perplexed with cosmology of Ionians
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Socrates
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Questioned the way of Sophists
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Socrates
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Developed Anaxagoras' Nous
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Socrates
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Importance of Moral Character, Inductive arguments, and universal definitions
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Philosophy of Socrates
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What is rhetoric? What is courage? What is virtue?
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Socrates' search for universal definition
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The art that is concerned with the human soul is called the art of politics
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Socrates
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Greek "Daimonian"
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"divine power"
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inner voice that warned against a wrong course
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Socrates' "Daimonian"
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Minor Socratic Schools
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Socrates did not start schools, they were started by his disciples
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School of Magara
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Euclid combined Socrates' emphasis on the good with Eleatic monism. He perceived the One with the Good, also associating the One with God and with reason. virtue was regarded as a unity.
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Elean-Eritrian School
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Founded by Phaedo of Elis and held to the unity of virtue and knowledge
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Early Cynic School
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Founded by Antisthenes, from Phrygia, a former student of Socrates
Opposed to wealth and pleasure. Virtue is wisdom; suffering is a good; poverty is a good. Held the view that there is One God |
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Diogenes of Sinope
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Set out to exceed Antisthenes in austerity
"Mad Socratic" |
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Cyrene School
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Founded by Aristippus, who was also considered an ancient hedonist
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428-327 BC
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Plato
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born in Athens
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Plato
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founded Academy in Athens
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Plato
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Academy in Athens
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known as earliest European University
produced Aristotle Plato's goal was to form |
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Ontology
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theory of being
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Epistemology
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theory of knowledge
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Theaetetus
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Plato presents his idea of knowledge through negation
Knowledge is not sense-perception Knowledge is not opinion Knowledge is not a rational account |
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Republic
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Plato present a more positive view of his theory of knowledge
Metaphor of the Sun Analogy of a Line Allegory of the Cave |
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Theory of Forms
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objects in the visible world are "copies or participations in these universal realities."
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Forms
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same as ideas
subsistent universals that exist in a transcendent world determines the objects that exist in the visible world of appearances are the causes of other things |
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The Good
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The "objects of knowledge" receive from the "presence of good" their very "existence and essence" though the good itself also "transcends essence in dignity and surpassing power"
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King of All
Ruler of All Creator of the World |
Plato refers to the first principle, saying it is the "king of all" and that on his account "everything exists" and is "the cause of all that is beautiful"
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Numbers
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are the cause of substance and other things
come out of the dyad as out of a plastic material mathematics occupy an intermediate position between forms and things they are eternal and unchanging they are many |
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Theory of Forms
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combination of epistemology and otnology
in the realm of the intelligible (or knowledge), there are perfect forms (or ideas) of things in the visible world. |
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Plato's "Soul as Self Motion"
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"any body that has an external source of motion is soulless, but a body deriving its motions from a source within itself is animate (or besouled)"
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Plato's Tripartite View
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Humans soul has three parts
Reason- appreciation of the good Spirit- action or drive toward a goal Appetite- appealing of the body |
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Immortality of the Soul
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Of the three parts of the soul, it seems Plato held that only "reason" lives on after death. Spirit and Appetite no longer exist.
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Plato's view of soul
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Immortal
Contemplates truth, even after death Deliberates, rules, and cares Justice an excellent state of the soul Intelligible being |
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Plato's "Republic"
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on the Ideal State
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Plato's "Statesman"
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true ruler as knower
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Plato's "Laws"
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more realistic political view
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Origin of the City State
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based on the fact that no one is self sufficient
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Responses to the decline of the City State
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Individualism
Separatist groups Plato's theory of the idea state |
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Nature of the City State
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to insure the good life and justice of both the individual and the city state itself
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Three classes of ideal city state
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Reason- Ruler
Spirit- Guardians/ Auxillaries Appetite- Laborers and Artists |
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Lactantius
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3rd century AD
Latin church father critical of Plato's notion of equal justice claimed Plato's "universal justice destroyed justice universally"' saw it as destroying values such as: frugality, abstinence, self control, chastity, self respects, modesty, and shame |
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Aristobulus
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thought that Moses predates Plato in these ideas
Jewish law translated before conquest of Alexander Plato investigated and imitated Jewish law |
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Platos view of Physics
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Mind orders the world
(a "likely account;" not real myth, not real science) |
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Demiurge
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is good and desires all things come as close as possible to being like itself
represents divine reason not a real creator; it did its best with pre-existing material creates the "World Soul;" stars and planets are given intelligible souls |
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Receptacle
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is space, in which all the four elements make their appearance
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Techne
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Greek word for art means a work, technical skill, or fashioning of any object.
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mimesis
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imitation of reality through paining and pleasing proportions in sculpture and architecture
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Plato's view of art
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an artists work is a copy of a copy; two times removed from reality; inspired madness
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