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Environmental Ethics

Part of Environmental Philosophy


it considers extending the traditional boundaries of ethics from solely including humans and non-human world.

1


Traditional boundaries of ethics

Environmental Aesthetics

Aesthetic experience of the world


focuses on questions concerning appreciation of the world.


that world as its constituted not simply by particular objects but also by environment themselves

2

Ecofeminism

area of environmental philosophy that links feminism with ecology


it seeks to eradicate all forms of social injustices, not just injustice against woman and the environment.

3

Environmental Hermeneutics

area of Philosophy that apply the techniques & resources of the philosophical field of hermeneutics to environmental issues.


they relate to nature & environmental issues.

4

Environmental Theology

area of Philosophy that focuses on the understanding of God's relationship to cosmos or creation.

5

Freedom

power of right to act or think without hindrance


state of not being imprisoned or enslaved


the unrestricted use of somethings.

Can be defined in three ways

Human Acts

Voluntary acts of man


acts done with full knowledge and consent


acts which consciously undertaken and are under control


acts that are proper to man as man


acts where man is master, i.e,.... Man chooses to do them

Voluntary


Man chooses to do them

Acts of Man

• Activities of man like animal


• acts which are not deliberately done nor voluntary.


• Performed without the free will of the agent.


• includes beating of the heart, dreaming, sensation by the five organs


• acts which do not demand responsibility from the agent

Not voluntary

Voluntariness

• the acts falls under the efficacious determination of the agent


voluntary in something else, as in its cause.

Elements of Human Acts

Freedom


ー Authentic Freedom

• the doer has the ability to initiate and control his own actions


• first of all freedom from everything that opposes man's true self-becoming with others in the community

Elements of Human acts

The act in itself

nature of the act which is either intrinsically/extrinsically evil

Determinants of morality #1