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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MARX: WHAT PREVENTS HUMAN BEINGS FROM REACHING THEIR FULL POTENTIAL? |
CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT |
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MARX: WHAT IS THE HUMAN BEINGS FULL POTENTIAL? |
SELF-DETERMINING W/ NO COERCION OR CONSTRAINTS |
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MARX: HOW IS ALL HUMAN HISTORY FORMED? |
1.) CLASS STRUGGLE 2.)HUMAN LABOUR 3.)DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM |
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MARX: WHAT IS ECONOMIC JUSTICE |
THE OVERTHROW OF THE BOURGEOISIE BY THE PROLETARIAT; ESTABLISHMENT OF A TRUE DEMOCRACY..LABOUR IS ENFORCED |
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HOBBES: KNOWLEDGE IS DERIVED FROM WHAT THING? |
SENSE EXPERIENCE (HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE AND PRUDENCE) REASON (SCIENTIFIC/PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM) |
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HOBBES: WHAT ARISES OUT OF FEAR AND IGNORANCE? |
RELIGION AND EFFORTS BY RULERS TO MAINTAIN THEIR ADVANTAGE OVER THEIR SUBJECTS |
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HOBBES: WHAT ARE SYNONYMOUS WITH GOOD AND EVIL |
GOOD IS SYNONYMOUS WITH RIGHT AND EVIL IS SYNONYMOUS WITH WRONG |
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HOBBES: WHAT IS THE ONLY THING TO EXIST? |
ONLY MATTER EXISTS--NO SUCH THING AS SPIRITUAL BEING |
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DESCARTES: DISTINCTION MADE BETWEEN MIND AND MATTER |
MATTER IS TO BE EXTENDED IN SPACE MIND IS TO UNEXTENDED AND TO THINK |
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LOCKE: WHAT ARE INNATE IDEAS |
ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF METAPHYSICAL TRUTHS SUCH AS MATHEMATICAL TRUTHS, UNIVERSALS, AND LAWS OF NATURE LOCKE REJECTS MAN HAVING INNATE IDEAS--ATTAIN KNOWLEDGE THROUGH THE WORLD AND OUR INTERACTION THROUGH SENSES AND MIND |
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LOCKE: SECONDARY QUALITIES |
COLORS, SOUNDS, TASTE, TOUCH--- CAUSED BY PRIMARY QUALITIES: SOLIDITY, EXTENSION, FIGURE, MOVEMENT, AND NUMBER |
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LOCKE: DISPOSITIONAL QUALITIES??? |
1.)SOLUBILITY 2.)FRAGILITY 3.)FLAMMABLITY |
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LOCKE: THREE MAIN REASONS FOR REJECTING INNATE IDEAS |
-THERE IS NO GOOD DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT ESTABLISHING THE EXISTENCE OF SUCH ENTITIES -CHILDREN AND IDIOTS DO NOT SEEM TO POSSESS THEM -EMPIRICAL WAY OF KNOWING - WHICH SEEMS FAR MORE REASONABLE- HAS NO PLACE FOR SUCH ENTITIES |
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LOCKE: CHIEF REASON WHY A GOVERNMENT IS ESTABLISHED? |
PRESERVATION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY |
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LOCKE: WHICH THEORY PROCESSES THE EXTERNAL WORLD AND TRANSFORMS IT INTO MENTAL EVENTS? |
CAUSAL THEORY OF PERCEPTION |
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HUME: CONCEPTS ENCOMPASSED WITH IMPRESSIONS? |
1.)PASSIONS 2.)SENSATIONS 3.)SENSE EXPERIENCES 4.) FEELINGS |
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HUME: ORIGIN OF THE IDEA OF CAUSALITY? |
EXPLAINED SUBJECTIVELY NOT OBJECTIVELY--NO ORIGIN DISCOVERED |
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HUME: WHAT ULTIMATELY CAN BE KNOWN BY MAN? |
NOTHING CAN BE KNOWN 100% |
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HUME: WHY CAN OUR BELIEFS NOT BE RATIONALLY JUSTIFIED? |
OUR BELIEFS ARE BASED NOT ON REASON BUT IMAGINATION |
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KANT: WHAT IS THE WILL EQUIVALENT? |
PRACTICAL REASON |
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KANT: HOW SHOULD MAN TREAT RATIONAL BEINGS? |
ONE OUGHT TO TREAT ALL RATIONAL BEINGS AS ENDS IN THEMSELVES AND NEVER MERELY AS MEANS |
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KANT: SOLE PRINCIPLE OF ETHICS? |
AUTONOMY |
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KANT: OUT OF WHAT DOES ALL KNOWLEDGE ARISE? |
MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE COMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES OF THE MIND(THROUGH INNATE IDEAS--PRIORI) AND THE SENSES(VIA EMPIRICAL DATA COLLECTION-POSTERIORI) |
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KANT: THE BASIS OF HUMAN DIGNITY? |
THE AUTONOMY OF THE SELF-LEGISLATING WILL |
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KANT: THE ONLY THING GOOD WITHOUT QUALIFICATION? |
GOOD WILL |
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KANT: WHAT IS THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE |
ONE OUGHT ACT ONLY ACCORDING TO A PRINCIPLE OF ACTION THAT IS UNIVERSALIZED- EVERY TIME A PERSON ACTS |
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MARX--COMMUNIST MANIFESTO: WHAT WILL "THE PROLETARIAT" USE TO "WREST BY DEGREES ALL CAPITAL FROM THE BOURGEOISIE?" |
ITS POLITICAL SUPREMACY |
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MARX--COMMUNIST MANIFESTO: "WHAT IS THE BOURGEOIS FAMILY BASED?" |
"ON CAPITAL, ON PRIVATE GAIN" |
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MARX--COMMUNIST MANIFESTO: WHAT IS LABOUR? |
1.) WORK(PROLETARIAN CLASS) 2.) THE CREATOR OF ALL CIVILIZATION 3.) THE CREATOR OF ALL CULTURE 4.) THE CREATOR OF ALL HISTORY 4.) THE ONLY THING OF WHICH A PROLETARIAN HAS CONTROL |
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HOBBES--LEVITHAN: WHAT TYPE OF AGREEMENT IS MADE BETWEEN MAN AND WHAT IS ITS END? |
ATLEAST A COVENANT AND IT IS FOR MUTUAL PROTECTION TO ALL PARTIES INVOLVED. ONCE MADE, SHOULD NOT BE BROKEN
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HOBBES--LEVITHAN: WHAT IS IMAGINATION AND HOW DOES IT OPERATE? |
"NOTHING BUT DECAYING SENSE; AND IS FOUND IN MEN, AND MANY OTHER LIVING CREATURES, AS WELL AS SLEEPING, AS WAKING." |
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HOBBES--LEVITHAN: WHAT REPRESENTS THE STATE OF NATURE? |
"DURING THE TIME MEN LIVE WITHOUT A COMMON POWER TO KEEP THEM ALL IN AWE, THEY ARE IN THAT CONDITION WHICH IS CALLED WAR; AND SUCH WAR, AS IS OF EVERY MAN, AGAINST EVERY MAN" REPRESENTS AT THE BASE LEVEL THE STATE OF NATURE |
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DESCARTES--MEDITATIONS: WHAT TYPE OF THING AM "I" OR MAN? |
1. IN EXISTENCE 2. DOUBTING 3. SENSORY PERCEPTIONS 4. THINKING 5. AFFRIMS |
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DESCARTES-MEDITATIONS: WHAT IS THE BODY AND HOW DOES IT OPERATE? |
1.) OF MORTAL QUALITY 2.) A GIFT FROM GOD 3.) AN ENTITY THAT SHOULD NOT BE EXTINGUISHED BY MAN 4.) NEEDS NOURISHING 5.) CAN MOVE ABOUT-WITH THE HELP OF THE ANIMATED PORTION OF MAN 6.) SENSUAL--AS BEING THE DATA COLLECTOR |
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DESCARTES-MEDITATIONS: WHAT IS THE SOUL AND HOW DOES IT OPERATE? |
-OF IMMORTAL QUALITY -A GIFT FROM GOD -AN ENTITY THAT CANNOT BE EXTINGUISHED BY MAN -NOURISHED -MOVED ABOUT -UTILIZING SENSE-PERCEPTION -THINKING |
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DESCARTES-MEDITATIONS: WHAT ARE THE SENSES AND HOW DO THEY OPERATE? |
-DISTINCT FROM THE MIND AS BEING PART OF THE MATTER(BODY) -INDIVIDUAL IN AS MUCH AS EACH PERSON IS INDIVIDUAL -DATA COLLECTORS OF THE WORLD AROUND THEM -SOMETIMES DECEIVING IN THEIR DATA |
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DESCARTES-MEDITATIONS: WHAT PROOFS ARE IN SUPPORT OF GOD'S EXISTENCE? |
-I EXIST -I AM A THINKING BEING -I HAVE WITHIN ME THE IDEA OF THE MOST PERFECT BEING -BY LOGIC SOMETHING OF GREATER QUALITIES MUST GIVE RISE TO SOMETHING OF LESSER QUALITIES -I HAVE INNATE IDEAS OF ALL THINGS -GOD PLACED THIS IDEA IN ME |
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LOCKE-AN ESSAY: WHAT IS AN IDEA? |
-AN OBJECT OF THE UNDERSTANDING WHEN A MAN THINKS -SENSUAL DATA COMING INTO THE MIND IN VARIOUS WAYS -A PROCESS OF THE MIND SUCH AS A NOTION, A THOUGHT, A PHANTASM -SPECIES |
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LOCKE-AN ESSAY: WHAT IS SENSATION? |
"THIS GREAT SOURCE OF MOST OF OUR IDEAS WE HAVE DEPENDING WHOLLY UPON OUR SENSES AND DERIVED BY THEM TO THE UNDERSTANDING I CALL SENSATION." |
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LOCKE-AN ESSAY: WHAT IS REFLECTION? |
-INTROSPECTION -"THE MIND RECEIVING IDEAS.." -ACTIVE 'THINKING' ON 'SIMPLE IDEAS' |
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LOCKE-AN ESSAY: WHAT IS PERCEPTION? |
-"THE FIRST FACULTY OF THE MIND EXERCISED ABOUT OUR IDEAS" -"THE FIRST AND SIMPLEST IDEA WE HAVE FROM REFLECTION" -"THE FIRST OPERATION OF ALL OUR INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES AND THE INLET OF ALL KNOWLEDGE IN OUR MINDS" -PASSIVE 'THINKING' ON 'SIMPLE IDEAS' |
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HUME-DIALOGUES: WHAT IS HIS VIEW ON CAUSE AND EFFECT AND THEIR OPERATIONS? |
-(CAUSE) MIND AND IDEA ARE PRESENT BEFORE(EFFECT) PHYSICAL MATERIAL EXISTENCE -"NOTHING EXISTS WITHOUT A CAUSE- AND THE ORIGINAL CAUSE OF THIS UNIVERSE WE CALL GOD-AND PIOUSLY ASCRIBE TO HIM EVERY SPECIES OF PERFECTION." |
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HUME-DIALOGUES: WHAT IS HIS DESCRIPTION OF HUMANS? |
-FINAL ARBITER OF SENSUAL DATA AND ITS VALIDITY IN ALL MATTERS BEING CONDITIONALLY SKEPTICAL -"OUR IDEAS REACH NO FURTHER THAN OUR EXPERIENCE" |
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HUME-DIALOGUES: WHAT IS HIS DESCRIPTION OF GOD? |
-HUMANS HAVE NO EXPERIENCE OF DIVINE ATTRIBUTES AND OPERATIONS IN DEALING WITH GOD -HE IS INFINITELY SUPERIOR TO OUR LIMITED VIEW AND COMPREHENSION -ORIGINAL CAUSE OF THIS UNIVERSE WE CALL GOD |
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HUME-DIALOGUES: WHAT IS HIS VIEW OF THE DESIGN OF THE ARGUMENT? |
THE UNIVERSE MUST HAVE BEEN CREATED BY AN INFINITE MIND |
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KANT-FOUNDATION: WHAT IS AUTONOMY AND HOW DOES IT OPERATE? |
-THE SOLE PRINCIPLE OF ETHICS IN RECOGNITION OF AN INDEPENDENT MORAL AGENT -"THE PRINCIPLE OF AUTONOMY IS 'NEVER TO CHOOSE EXCEPT IN SUCH A WAY THAT IN THE SAME VOLITION THE MAXIMS OF YOU CHOICE ARE ALSO PRESENT AS UNIVERSAL LAW" |
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KANT-FOUNDATION: WHAT IS DUTY AND HOW DOES IT OPERATE? |
-AN OBLIGATION -"THE OBJECTIVE NECESSITY TO ACT FROM OBLIGATION" |
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KANT-FOUNDATION: WHAT IS REASON AND HOW DOES IT OPERATE? |
-"A CULTIVATED REASON CONCERNS ITSELF WITH THE AIM OF ENJOYING LIFE AND HAPPINESS- THE FURTHER DOES MAN GET AWAY FROM THE TRUE CONTENTMENT...A CERTAIN DEGREE OF MISOLOGY- THAT IS A HATRED OF REASON" -"FOR SINCE REASON IS NOT SUFFICIENTLY SERVICEABLE FOR GUIDING THE WILL.."
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EPICTETUS: HOW SHOULD THE TRUE STOIC ACT TOWARDS ALL? |
ACT INDIFFERENT OR DETACHED TOWARD PEOPLE INCLUDING LOVED ONES, ANIMALS, AND EXTERNAL SITUATIONS |
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EPICTETUS: WHAT IS STATED ABOUT THE WILL? |
ILLNESS IS AN IMPEDIMENT TO THE BODY, BUT NOT TO THE WILL |
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EPICTETUS: WITHIN THE WORLD WHAT IS INTRINSICALLY EVIL? |
NOTHING IN THE WORLD IS INTRINSICALLY EVIL HAVING ALL THINGS WITH HIGH OR LESSER LEVELS OF GOOD |
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EPICTETUS: BODIES ARE A COMBINATION OF WHAT TWO FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES? |
PHYSIS = CREATIVE PRINCIPLE LOGOS = THE RATIONAL PRINCIPLE WHICH COMBINE TO MAKE BODIES- ONLY BODIES EXIST |
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EPICTETUS: WHAT IS THE GOAL OF LIFE? |
virtue; THE LIFE OF VIRTUE IS LIVED IN ACCORDANCE OF REASON.. THE VIRTUOUS INDIVIDUAL FINDS FREEDOM IN LIMITING HIS OR HER DESIRES TO THOSE THINGS UNDER ONE'S CONTROL AND ACCEPTING ALL OTHER EXTERNALS AS INDIFFERENT AND IN THIS WAY WILL REACH UNPERTURBEDNESS |
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EPICTETUS: WHAT THINGS HAVE LOGOS AS THEIR GOVERNING PRINCIPLE? |
HUMAN BEINGS (as opposed to plants and animals) have LOGOS |
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EPICTETUS: WHAT IS THE CREATIVE PRINCIPLE? |
PHYSIS (OF ALL BODIES) |
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MARCUS AURELIUS: THE UNIVERSE IS GOVERNED BY WHAT? |
BY REASON-WHERE EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS IS NOT ONLY NECESSITATED..BUT IS GOOD - GOD = REASON = NATURE = LOGOS = VIRTURE = MAN |
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MARCUS AURELIUS: WHAT IS THE GOAL OF LIFE? |
HUMAN HAPPINESS CONSISTS IN A LIFE LIVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH NATURE AND REASON WHERE THE BAD ACTS OF OTHERS DO NO HARM US BUT RATHER WE ARE HARMED BY OUR OWN OPINIONS OF THOSE ACTS. |
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MARCUS AURELIUS: HOW DO INDIVIDUALS BECOME FREE? |
BY ACTING RATIONALLY |
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MARCUS AURELIUS: WHAT SHOULD THE RATIONAL INDIVIDUAL NOT FEAR? |
DEATH..NATURAL EVENT OF LIFE |
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MARCUS AURELIUS: WHAT TYPE OF CITIZENS ARE MEN? |
ALL RATIONAL BEINGS ARE SUBJECT TO NATURAL LAW AND SO ARE CITIZENS OF A WORLD COMMUNITY |
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PLOTINUS: WHAT ARE THE QUALITIES OF A VIRTUOUS SOUL? |
1.) WITHDRAW INTO ONESELF 2.) DEVELOP GOOD MORAL CHARACTER 3.) CULTIVATE REASON 4.) REFINE INTELLECT 5.) CUT AWAY ALL THAT IS EXCESSIVE 6.) STRAIGHTEN ALL THIS CROOKED 7.) BRING LIGHT TO ALL THAT IS OVERCAST 8.) BECOME BEAUTY ITSELF |
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PLOTINUS: HOW DOES MAN ATTAIN SALVATION? |
GOAL OF HUMAN LIFE IS TO RETURN TO THE ONE..DEVELOP GOOD MORAL CHARACTER..ETC |
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PLOTINUS: WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND REAL? |
THE SOUL...MORE IMPORTANT AND REAL THAN THE BODY OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL OBJECT. |
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SAINT AUGUSTINE: WHAT DOES HE WISH TO EXPRESS ABOUT FAITH? |
FAITH IS OF PRIME IMPORTANCE - NO THOUGHT OR REASON IS PRIOR TO FAITH |
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SAINT AUGUSTINE: WHAT MAKES THE WILL EVIL? |
GOD DOES NOT HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE MAN EVIL (EITHER MAN'S SOUL OR THE WILL) ONLY MAN HAS THE ABILITY OF EVIL |
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SAINT AUGUSTINE: WHAT IS GOD AND HOW DOES HE OPERATE? |
GOD IS (1) OMNIPOTENT(ALL POWERFUL) (2) OMNISCIENT (ALL KNOWING) (3) OMNIPRESENT (EVER PRESENT) (4) OMNI-BENEVOLENT (ALL GOOD) THEREFORE GOD IS PERFECT |
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SAINT AUGUSTINE: WHAT IS METAPHYSICAL SCHEMA? |
-GOD THE SON, JESUS CHRIST -GOD THE FATHER -GOD THE HOLY SPIRIT
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SAINT AUGUSTINE: WHAT IS HIS CORPOREAL SCHEMA? |
-WILL -MEMORY -INTELLECT -HUMAN MIND |
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SAINT AUGUSTINE: WHAT IS MAIN WAY ACCEPTABLE TOWARD SALVATION? |
THE CHURCH ON EARTH IS A MIXED BODY OF SAINTS AND SINNERS OUTSIDE OF WHICH THERE IS NO SALVATION
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SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS: WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF LAWS ON MAN? |
THEY ATTEMPT TO MAKE HIM BETTER AND COMPEL HIM TOWARDS VIRTUE..WORK ON THE MIND OF MEN BY COMPELLING CORRECT ACTION THROUGH THE FEAR OF PUNISHMENT
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SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS: WHAT IS THE DOMAIN OF HUMAN ACTIONS? |
THE PRACTICAL REASON IS CONCERNED WITH CONTINGENT MATTERS |
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SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS: THE FORCE OF LAW DEPENDS ON WHAT THING? |
ON ITS JUSTICE. GOD IS THE DRIVING FORCE TOWARDS OF HARMONY IN NATURAL LAW, MANMADE LAW, AND DIVINE LAW. |
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SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS: WHAT COMPRISES THE SUBSTANCES OF FINITE THINGS? |
THE SUBSTANCE OF FINITE THINGS CONSIST IN AN UNION OF MATTER AND FORM WHILE THE FINITE ORDER RECEIVES ITS EXISTENCE BY "PARTICIPATION" IN THE DIVINE |
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SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS: WHERE DO IDEAS EXIST? |
IDEAS SUBSIST PRIMARILY IN THINGS RATHER THAN AS INDEPENDENT EXTRA-MENTAL FORMS OR AS MENTAL ABSTRACTIONS |
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SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS: WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR EXISTENCE OF FINITE THINGS? |
MATERIAL SUBSTRATUM |
