Philosophy 101 Review

Front 1

Hard Determinist

Back 1

believes that we are NOT free because every event, including every choice, has a prior cause.

Front 2

Metaphysical Libertarian

Back 2

believes that we ARE free because our choices are not cause nor determined.

Front 3

Soft Determinist

Back 3

believes that we are free BUT our choices are caused and we still have free will.

Front 4

Excuser

Back 4

believes that we are NOT responsible for our actions because we tend to praise and blame people for things they have no control over.

Front 5

Judge

Back 5

believes that we ARE responsible for our actions because there are four factors to consider:
1. Cause
2. Intention
3. Sanity
4. Choice

Front 6

Materialists

Back 6

believes that YES, the mind is nothing but the brain because mental entities, such as thoughts, beliefs, emotions, are identical with brain events and process.

Front 7

Dualism

Back 7

believes that the mind is NOT nothing but the brain because we have an immaterial mind, and a material body.

Front 8

Mechanist

Back 8

believe that YES, computers can think because computers do many things we consider thinking. It can store information, calculate, and solve problems, just as our minds can.

Front 9

Mentalist

Back 9

believes that computers CANNOT think because computers aim to simulate intelligence. A simulation is not a real thing.

Front 10

Psychological Egoist

Back 10

believes that we ARE selfish because people do not just do nice things without the thought of them gaining anything.

Front 11

Psychological Altruist

Back 11

believes that NO, we are not always selfish because when we love someone, we sometimes want to do things for him or her for their benefit, and we are capable of thought and concern for others.

Front 12

Lockean

Back 12

believes that YES, personal identity depends on memory because complete memory loss means the original person is no longer.

Front 13

Sartrean

Back 13

believes that NO, personal identity does not depend on memory loss because memories are not essential to our identity, and out future choices are what matters, not what we have done.

Front 14

Internalist

Back 14

believes that NO, we cannot know about the external world because the extra world is everything outside our own mind.

Front 15

Perceiver

Back 15

believes that YES, we can know about the external world because the possibility that internalist brings up us incoherent, and skepticism about the external world is untenable.

Front 16

Positivist

Back 16

believes that YES, science does give us real knowledge because the scientific method yields genuine knowledge.

Front 17

Romantic

Back 17

believes that NO, science does not give us real knowledge because science is limited and dangerous.

Front 18

Empiricist

Back 18

believes that YES, experience is the source of all knowledge because we are a blank slate at birth and we do not need to have a firsthand experience of something but there must be a chain of experience.

Front 19

Rationalist

Back 19

believes that NO, experience is not the only source of knowledge because knowledge comes from reason.

Front 20

Foundationlist

Back 20

believes that YES, knowledge is essentially connected with truth because if you know something then it is true. Truth is a necessary but not sufficient condition for knowledge.

Front 21

Pragmatist

Back 21

believes that NO, certainty is not the standard of knowledge because the criterion of knowledge is the successful prediction or the ability to manipulate the environment.

Front 22

Representationalist

Back 22

believes that YES, truth exist because it is important. There are facts and what is “true for me” might be false according to the facts.

Front 23

Postmodernist

Back 23

believes that NO truth does not exist because “Red” is not red. (Words do not resample what they stand for). Words have many meanings. (“The play was bad”)

Front 24

Free Will

Back 24

is the ability to make choices from certain kind of restraints

Front 25

determinism

Back 25

everything that happens there are conditions such that, given those conditions, nothing else could happen.

Front 26

introspection

Back 26

self examination of one's conscious thoughts and feelings

Front 27

infinite regress

Back 27

if the truth of many things gain support down the line of other truths, the proposition of the original truth becomes infinite.

Front 28

reduction

Back 28

the process by which one subject, property, concept, theory, etc... is shown to be explicable in terms of another, lower level entity.

Front 29

Occam's Razor

Back 29

among competing hypotheses the one that means the fewest assumptions should be selected.

Front 30

Problem of interaction (Dualism)

Back 30

How can an immaterial mind cause anything in a material body and vice versa?

Front 31

principle of the conservation of matter and energy

Back 31

that the mass of an isolated system will remain constant overtime

Front 32

artificial intelligance

Back 32

ask the questions; Can machines act intelligently? Can it think for itself?

Front 33

Turing test

Back 33

a test of a machines ability to exhibit intelligence behavior, like that of a human

Front 34

unfalsifiable

Back 34

not capable of being proved false

Front 35

personal identity

Back 35

questions arises about our selves, such as who am i? what happens when I die?

Front 36

External world

Back 36

the world consisting of all the objects and events which are experienceable or whose existence is accepted by the human mind, but which exist independently of the mind

Front 37

skepticism

Back 37

an approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence

Front 38

brain in a vat

Back 38

intended to draw out certain features of our ideas of knowledge, reality, truth, mind, and meaning.

Front 39

Solipsism

Back 39

the idea that one ones own mind is sure to exist. Anything out of ones mind might not exist.

Front 40

methods of discovery

Back 40

find solutions at own pace, discovering something.

Front 41

Simple/Complex Idea

Back 41

a simple idea would be to think of light, knowledge. To think of complex idea think of unicorns, dragons.

Front 42

a priori

Back 42

is independent of experiance

Front 43

a posteroiri

Back 43

dependent on experiance

Front 44

certainty

Back 44

can be defined as either
1. perfect knowledge that has total security from error
2. the mental state of being without doubt

Front 45

progmatic

Back 45

tradition centered on the linking of practice and theory

Front 46

paradox

Back 46

and argument that produces and inconsistency typically with knowledge or common sense.