Philosophers

Front 1

Socrates

Back 1

Know Thyself

Front 2

Socrates

Back 2

Gnōthi seauton

Front 3

Socrates

Back 3

Self-knowledge, knowing one's degree of understanding about the world and knowing one's capability and potentials

Front 4

Socrates

Back 4

Possession of knowledge is virtue and ignorance is vice

Front 5

Socrates

Back 5

Answers will always be subjective and there is no right or wrong answer

Front 6

Socrates

Back 6

A man has a soul and a body, soul is the ruler of the body, it gives life to the body which makes them dependent with each other

Front 7

Socrates

Back 7

Death is the release of the soul from the body

Front 8

Plato

Back 8

Empirical reality is fundamentally unreal and is just a shadow or a mere appearance while ultimate reality is real as it is eternal and constitutes abstract universal essence of things

Front 9

Plato

Back 9

Concrete objects in this world are mere copies of these abstract universal essence

Front 10

Plato

Back 10

Ideas are object of the intellect known by reason alone and are objective realities that exist in a world of their own

Front 11

Plato

Back 11

Believes in an enduring self that is represented by the soul

Front 12

St. Augustine

Back 12

Time is something that people measure within their own memory

Front 13

St. Augustine

Back 13

Past, present and future coexist in the soul

Front 14

St. Augustine

Back 14

Time is not a feauture or property of the world but of the mind

Front 15

St. Augustine

Back 15

As far as consciousness can be extended backward to any past action or forward to actions to come, it determines the identity of a person

Front 16

Rene Descartes

Back 16

Cogito ergo sum. I think, therefore I am

Front 17

Rene Descartes

Back 17

Existence of anything that you register from your senses can be doubted

Front 18

Rene Descartes

Back 18

One can always doubt about certainty of things but the very fact that one's doubts is something that cannot be doubted

Front 19

Rene Descartes

Back 19

Whichever thought a person chooses is the one the is carried info his or her I AM

Front 20

Rene Descartes

Back 20

Only humans have the hubris of musing such irreverent questions on existence and purpose of life. And only humans have satisfied themselves with their own answers to their own musings

Front 21

Rene Descartes

Back 21

Only humans have the audacity and impertinence to try to figure out the meaning of life and are actually self-aware of their own existence

Front 22

Rene Descartes

Back 22

Self is "a thinking thing or a substance whose whole essence or nature is merely thinking"

Front 23

Rene Descartes

Back 23

Self is real and not just an illusion

Front 24

Rene Descartes

Back 24

Soul and body exist but differ in existence and reality

Front 25

Rene Descartes

Back 25

Self is a mental substance not physical substance

Front 26

Rene Descartes

Back 26

Self is nothing else but a mind-body dichotomy, thought always precedes action

Front 27

John Locke

Back 27

Rejected that brain has something to do with consciousness, as the brain, as well as the body may change while consciousness remains the same

Front 28

John Locke

Back 28

He concluded that personal identity is not in the brain but in one's consciousness

Front 29

John Locke

Back 29

Consciousness can be transferred from one substance to another

Front 30

John Locke

Back 30

The soul can change and consciousness remains the same

Front 31

John Locke

Back 31

The consciousness may be lost while the soul stays the same. Same soul but a different person

Front 32

John Locke

Back 32

Tabula rasa, Everyone started as a blank slate and the content is provided by one's experience over time

Front 33

David Hume

Back 33

There is no self as a mental entity

Front 34

David Hume

Back 34

Self is a bundle of perceptions of interrelated events

Front 35

David Hume

Back 35

There is no primordial substance that houses the self, soul is a product of imagination

Front 36

David Hume

Back 36

Any concept of self is simply memory and imagination

Front 37

David Hume

Back 37

There is no stable thing called self for the self is nothing but a complex set of successive impressions or perceptions

Front 38

David Hume

Back 38

Personality and cognition is like a machine that can be activated and deactivated

Front 39

Immanuel Kant

Back 39

Consciousness is formed by inner and outer sense

Front 40

Inner sense

Back 40

(Immanuel Kant) psychological state and intellect

Front 41

Outer sense

Back 41

(Immanuel Kant) senses and the physical world

Front 42

Immanuel Kant

Back 42

Inner sense can only be completed if the outer sense intervenes with it. This is called transcedental apperception

Front 43

Immanuel Kant

Back 43

Consciousness being unified is the central feature of the mind

Front 44

Immanuel Kant

Back 44

The self is what organizes sensation and thoughts into a picture that makes sense to a person

Front 45

Immanuel Kant

Back 45

The self is not an object located in one's consciousness with other subject. The self is a subject

Front 46

Sigmund Freud

Back 46

Self is multi-layered composed of three structures of the mind - id, ego and superego

Front 47

Gilbert Ryle

Back 47

Opposed Rene Descartes that the self is a "thinking thing"

Front 48

Gilbert Ryle

Back 48

The mind is not separate from the body

Front 49

Gilbert Ryle

Back 49

Self is a combination of the mind and body. "I act, therefore I am"

Front 50

Paul Churchland and Patricia Churchland

Back 50

Self is nothing but brain. Self is contained entirely within the physical brain

Front 51

Paul Churchland and Patricia Churchland

Back 51

To understand the self, one must study the brain not just the mind

Front 52

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Back 52

Consciousness is both perceiving and engaging. The use of mind is inseparable from our bodily, situated, physical nature