Understanding The Self Lesson 1: Philosophers And Their Philosophies About The Self

Front 1

Philosophy

Back 1

• Love of wisdom

• An active pursuit of wisdom

Front 2

Love

Back 2

The greek word "philo" means

Front 3

Wisdom

Back 3

The greek word "sophia" means

Front 4

William James

Back 4

An American philosopher and psychologist

Front 5

William James' definition of Philosophy

Back 5

Philosophy is a usually stubborn attempt to think clearly, a human search for meaning in life, inquiry in the nature and essence of man

Front 6

Greek Philosophers

Back 6

• Socrates

• Plato

• Aristotle

Front 7

Medieval Philosophers

Back 7

• St. Augustine

Front 8

Modern Philosophers

Back 8

• Rene Descartes• John Locke• David Hume• Immanuel Kant• Sigmund Freud• Gilbert Ryle• Patricia and Paul Churchland• Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Front 9

Socrates (469 - 399 B.C.)

Back 9

The self must focus on improving the quality of the soul or moral life

Hint 9

Greek Philosopher

Front 10

Socrates (469 - 399 B.C.)

Back 10

The improvement of the soul can be achieved through the quest for wisdom and truth

Hint 10

Greek Philosopher

Front 11

Socrates (469 - 399 B.C.)

Back 11

Life must be ceaselessly examined for it to be worth living

Hint 11

Greek Philosopher

Front 12

Plato (427 - 447 B.C.)

Back 12

The self is a rational substance consisting of body and soul

Hint 12

Greek Philosopher

Front 13

Plato (427 - 477 B.C.)

Back 13

Man is essentially a soul imprisoned in a body

Hint 13

Greek Philosopher

Front 14

Plato (427 - 477 B.C.)

Back 14

The self who exists in this world is mortal

Hint 14

Greek Philosopher

Front 15

Tripartite of Soul

Back 15

• Reason (Head)

• Spirited (Heart)

• Bodily Appetites (Stomach)

Hint 15

by Plato

Front 16

Aristotle

Back 16

The body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing

Hint 16

Greek Philosopher

Front 17

Aristotle

Back 17

The soul is simply the form of the body and is not capable of existing without the body

Hint 17

Greek Philosopher

Front 18

Aristotle

Back 18

Without the body the soul cannot exist. The soul dies along with the body

Front 19

David Hume (1711 - 1776)

Back 19

There is no self

Hint 19

Modern Philosopher

Front 20

David Hume (1711 - 1776)

Back 20

There is no self

Hint 20

Modern Philosopher

Front 21

David Hume (1711 - 1776)

Back 21

What people experience is just a bundle or collection of different perceptions, impressions, sensations, ideas, thoughts, and images.

Hint 21

Modern Philosopher

Front 22

David Hume (1711 - 1776)

Back 22

There is no past nor future, only the present stimulation provided by the environment.

Front 23

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

Back 23

We construct the self

Hint 23

Modern Philosopher

Front 24

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

Back 24

It is the self that makes experiencing intelligible world possible because it is the self that is actively organizing and synthesizing all our thoughts

Front 25

Internal World by Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

Back 25

Feelings, emotions

Front 26

External World by Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

Back 26

Events, situations, happening outside our control

Front 27

Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)

Back 27

• There are levels of mind

• There are provinces of mind

Front 28

Levels of Mind by Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)

Back 28

• Conscious

• Preconscious

• Unconscious

Front 29

Provinces of Mind by Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)

Back 29

• Id

• Ego

• Superego

Front 30

Conscious

Back 30

All mental processes and sensations of which you are aware

Front 31

Preconscious

Back 31

Things that you don't instantly know but can access by association

Front 32

Unconscious

Back 32

Mental processes that are inaccessible or hidden. It includes traumatic events or memories

Front 33

Id

Back 33

The impulsive (and unconscious) part of our psyche which responds directly and immediately to basic urges, needs, and desires

Hint 33

Instinct

Front 34

Ego

Back 34

It considers social realities and norms, and rules and then decides accordingly how to behave

Hint 34

Reality

Front 35

Superego

Back 35

The ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates

Hint 35

Morality

Front 36

Gilbert Ryle (1900 - 1976)

Back 36

The way we do things, defines self

Front 37

Gilbert Ryle (1900 - 1976)

Back 37

"I act, therefore, I am"

Front 38

Paul and Patricia Churchland (1943 - present)

Back 38

The self is the brain

Front 39

Paul and Patricia Churchland (1943 - present)

Back 39

All we have is brain and so if the brain is gone, there is no self

Front 40

Paul and Patricia Churchland (1943 - present)

Back 40

The physical brain and not the imaginary brain, gives us our sense of self

Front 41

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908 - 1961)

Back 41

The self is embodied subjectivity

Front 42

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908 - 1961)

Back 42

All knowledge of ourselves and our world is based on subjective experience

Front 43

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908 - 1961)

Back 43

The self can never be truly objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way

Front 44

• Vegetative• Sentinent• Rational

Back 44

Three kinds of soul by Aristotle

Front 45

Vegetative

Back 45

The physical body; allows things to grow

Front 46

Sentinent

Back 46

Sensual desires, feelings, and emotions

Front 47

Rational

Back 47

What makes us human; includes intellect that makes man know and understand things

Front 48

Primary Theocentric Approach

Back 48

God and faith in Him

Front 49

Secondary Theocentric Approach

Back 49

The Self because the self owed its origin to God

Front 50

Genesis 12:7

Back 50

“So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.”

Front 51

The Self in the Medieval Philosophy

Back 51

Human truth is subordinate to divine truth

Front 52

St. Augustine (354 - 430 A.D.)

Back 52

Knowing God is knowing oneself

Front 53

The Self in the Modern Philosophy

Back 53

Focus: Man — The power of reason

Front 54

Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

Back 54

• The self is centered on the concept of substance.

• The body is independent of the soul

Hint 54

A French rationalist

Front 55

Substance by Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

Back 55

Substance: anything that exist in itself (infinite - God, finite - man)

Front 56

Cartesian Dualism by Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

Back 56

Body and Mind

Front 57

Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

Back 57

"I think, therefore, I am"

Front 58

John Locke (1632 - 1704)

Back 58

The essence of the self is its conscious awareness of itself as a thinking, reasoning, reflecting identity

Hint 58

a British Philosopher

Front 59

John Locke (1632 - 1704)

Back 59

Tabula Rasa

Front 60

John Locke (1632 - 1704) on personal identity

Back 60

Personal identity is distinct from the physical body