Phil Xx1 Ch. 3

Front 1

Appeal to force

Back 1

A fallacious form of reasoning in which a threat of force is inappropriately put forth or accepted as evidence for a conclusion.

Front 2

Appeal to pity

Back 2

A fallacious form of reasoning in which sympathy or pity for the circumstances of a particular person is inappropriately put forth or accepted as evidence for a conclusion.

Front 3

Deductive argument

Back 3

An argument that is constructed such that if all premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false.

Front 4

Factual information

Back 4

This type of information is concerned with what the world is like, in contrast to what is true merely by definition of the terms involved or true by the principles of mathematics.

Front 5

Fallacy

Back 5

An argument in which the premises provide only very weak support, or no real support, for the conclusion.

Front 6

Indirect proof

Back 6

A type of argument that shows that a contradiction or an obviously false sentence follows deductively from an assumption that a statement to be proved is false.

Front 7

Inductive argument

Back 7

An ampliative argument in which the premises, if true, make it probable that the conclusion is true as well.

Front 8

Sound argument

Back 8

An deductive or inductive argument in which all the premises are true and the conclusion is true.

Front 9

Valid argument

Back 9

A correct successful, or genuine deductive argument--that is, an argument in which the premises, if true, guarantee the truth of the conclusion.