Phil Exam #1

Front 1

Deontological Ethics is also known as..?

Back 1

Kantian Moral Theory

Front 2

Theory asserts that the rightness of actions is determined partly or entirely by their intrinsic value

Back 2

Deontological Ethics / Kantian Moral Theory

Front 3

The fundamental moral principle in the theory is the categorical imperative which has two formulations

Back 3

Deontological Ethics / Kantian Moral Theory

Front 4

The Moral Law was created by who?

Back 4

Immanuel Kant

Front 5

What is the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative?

Back 5

Universal Law Formulation

Front 6

An action is right if and only if one can both 1) consistently conceive of everyone adopting and acting on the maxim of one's action and also 2) consistently will that everyone act on the maxim

Back 6

Universal Law Formulation

Front 7

What is an example Kant uses to prove his Universal Law formulation?

Back 7

The money example - if people made lying promises to repay money, no one would lend money

Front 8

What is the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative?

Back 8

Humanity Formulation

Front 9

People must never be treated as if they were mere instruments for achieving some further end, for people are ends in themselves

Back 9

Humanity Formulation

Front 10

What is the categorical imperative?

Back 10

An action must be done with a sense of duty

Front 11

Is the categorical imperative unconditional or conditional?

Back 11

Unconditional

Front 12

According to Kant, if an action is to have moral worth, it must be done from a _____ __ ______.

Back 12

sense of duty

Front 13

Kant's moral theory is nonconsequentialist or consequentialist?

Back 13

Nonconsequentialist - the rightness or wrongness of an act action in no way depends on the goodness or badness of the consequences

Front 14

The view that right actions are those that result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences for everyone involved

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Utilitarianism

Front 15

What are the two types of Utilitarianism?

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1) Act - utilitarianism

2) Rule - utilitarianism

Front 16

Who created Utilitarianism?

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John Stuart Mill

Front 17

The rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual actions

Back 17

Act - utilitarianism

Front 18

A right action is one that conforms to a rule that, if followed consistently, would create for everyone involved the most beneficial balance of good over bad

Back 18

Rule - utilitarianism

Front 19

Greatest Happiness Principle

Back 19

It is good or bad depending if the action produces more good than pain for everyone involved

Front 20

According to James Anderson on Utilitarianism, "the more it increases overall happiness, the more __1__ an action is, and the more it decreases overall happiness, the more __2__ wrong it is."

Back 20

1. right

2. wrong

Front 21

The _______ _________ _________ is the standard of morality.

Back 21

Greatest Happiness Principle

Front 22

"Mill declares that it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied" - What principle is this referring to?

Back 22

Greatest Happiness Principle

Front 23

Concept that knowledge and truth have no absolute truth or validity within themselves, but rather only relative to something else depending on the person

Back 23

Epistemological Relativism

Front 24

Theory that a proposition is true just in case it corresponds with the facts or states of affairs in reality

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Correspondence Theory of Truth

Front 25

The view that reason can make impartial judgments

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Objectivity

Front 26

- Interprets the meaning of a statement in terms of its practical consequences

- It is true or false according to its results

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Pragmatism

Front 27

- View in which there are no right answers or truth about existence, truth, beauty or goodness - A family of views whose common theme is that some central aspect of experience is somehow relative to something else

Back 27

Relativism

Front 28

Standards of justification, moral principles, or truth are said to be relative to language, culture or biological makeup.

- This is an example of?

Back 28

Relativism

Front 29

What does Dallas Willard focus on?

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Truth

Front 30

According to Willard, when a person says "true for me" they are confusing __1__ with __2__.

Back 30

1. Truth

2. Belief

Front 31

An explanation of why an action is right or wrong or why a person or a person's character is good or bad

Back 31

Moral Theory

Front 32

A moral theory that focuses on the development of virtuous character

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Virtue ethics

Front 33

Engrained dispositions to act by standards of excellence

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Virtues

Front 34

In virtue ethics, _______ is the key to moral life. For it is from a virtuous _______ that moral conduct and values naturally arise.

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1. Character

2. Character

Front 35

Who focused on virtue ethics?

Back 35

Aristotle

Front 36

What are the 3 characteristics of The Highest Good?

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1. It is desirable for itelf.

2. It is not desirable for the sake of some other good.

3. All other goods are desirable for its sake.

Front 37

Anyone at the time of performing any particular virtue must satisfy 3 conditions:

Back 37

1. They must know what they are doing.

2. They must deliberately choose to do it and do it for its own sake.

3. They must do it as part of his own firm and immutable character.

Front 38

What are the 3 properties of the soul?

Back 38

1. Emotions: desire, anger, fear, pride, envy, etc.

2. Faculties: these are capable of experiencing the emotions; ex: getting angry or feeling pity

3. Moral states: these are will or ill disposed in our emotions

Front 39

Virtues are __1__ __1__, and these virtues are neither __2__ nor __3__.

Back 39

1. Moral states

2. Emotions

3. Faculties

Front 40

Moral virtues can best be acquired through __1__ and __2__.

Back 40

1. Practice

2. Habit

Front 41

According to Aristotle, developing ____ is the way to achieve a rich and satisfying life.

Back 41

Virtues

Front 42

A distinctive focus on women's issues

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Feminist ethics

Front 43

Who focused on The Ethics of Care?

Back 43

Virginia Potter Held

Front 44

A distinctive moral perspective that arose out of feminist perspective that arose out of feminist concerns and grew to challenge core elements of most other moral theories

Back 44

Ethics of Care

Front 45

The Ethics of Care focuses to the unique demands of specific situations and to the __1__ & __2__ that are central to close __3__ __3___.

Back 45

1. Virtues

2. Feelings

3. Personal relationships

Front 46

Study of existence, nature of existence, being and the world

Back 46

Metaphysics

Front 47

Study of knowledge

- Concerned with how our minds are related to reality, and whether these relationships are valid or invalid

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Epistemology

Front 48

Study of values and how those values come about in a society

- Understanding values helps us to determine motive

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Axiology

Front 49

Moral philosophy

- Concerned with human values and how individuals should act

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Ethics

Front 50

Concerned with questions about what whether or not morality exists

- "How can we know what is right and what is wrong?"

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Metaethics

Front 51

Concerned with how moral values should be developed

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Normative ethics

Front 52

Deals with how moral values can be applied to specific cases

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Applied ethics

Front 53

Deals with the notion of beauty and the philosophy of art

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Aesthetics

Front 54

The referee study of reasoning

- Systematic process of valid reasoning through inference

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Logic

Front 55

Study of the ethical dimensions of medicine and the biological sciences

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Bioethics

Front 56

Study of what one is obligated or permitted to do, or prohibited from doing, in different contexts of biotechnology, medical practice and medical research

Back 56

Biomedical Ethics

Front 57

Bentham & Mill's Utilitarian is nonconsequentialist or consequentialist?

Back 57

Consequentialist